23 records are rendered in full. Stage duplicates remain visible because a document candidate, triage record, statement, and exact context are separately annotatable objects.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Dated PHC registration, referral and emergency-pathway context
WHO EMRO Bahrain PHC Country Profile, pages 2 to 3; Al Qassim et al. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 2022;34(3):37-42; Salman et al. BMC Health Services Research. 2019;19:939.
Statement or annotation question
The WHO profile supplies dated PHC registration and reported secondary-referral indicators, while the emergency-department study gives a facility-specific 2019 pathway count. A separate 2011 to 2012 diabetes study describes linked PHC and hospital records. These sources have different populations and should not be combined into a national utilization or flow estimate.
- Material reference
- material:c205be6e3598f36a69d27ca5
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Observed
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Bahrain PHC profile, with one BDF Royal Medical Services emergency-department study site
- Period
- WHO indicators mainly 2018; emergency-department observations July to September 2019; diabetes-study data March 2011 to December 2012
- Source layers
- Research Literature
- Coverage domains
- Facility data, Hospital organization, Provider networks, Observed referral, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- WHO profile physical pages 2 to 3; emergency-department study HTML 'Methods' and 'Results'; Salman et al. HTML 'Methods' and 'Aim, design and setting'.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 5646e030c99044da0620158176135e901b8947888743fb98e29839255cf72428
- Page Count
- 3
- Response Sha256
- 5646e030c99044da0620158176135e901b8947888743fb98e29839255cf72428
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Preserve the incompatible denominators and dates; do not aggregate them.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Formal insurance reform and observed referral context
Law No. 23 of 2018; Bahrain National Portal, accessed 15 August 2026; WHO EMRO Bahrain PHC Country Profile; Al Qassim et al. 2022.
Statement or annotation question
The health-insurance law and current portal describe formal arrangements and policy intent. Dated PHC and emergency-department sources show referral-system context, but neither supports a causal claim that the insurance reform changed referral use, patient choice or public-private delivery.
- Material reference
- material:dcef1f5d56c175af7aa184f6
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain, with one emergency-department study site
- Period
- formal law from 2018, WHO indicators mainly 2018, study observations in 2019 and portal accessed 2026-08-15
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Market structure, Provider networks, Observed referral, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- Law 23 physical pages 8 to 9, 43 and 59; Government Healthcare section 'National Health Insurance program'; WHO profile pages 2 to 3; study HTML 'Methods' and 'Results'.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
- Page Count
- 77
- Response Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Preserve the distinction between formal reform, policy intent, dated indicators and site-specific observations.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Formal insurance-policy, fund and information decisions
Law No. 23 of 2018, Articles 4 to 5, 19, 23 to 24 and 52.
Statement or annotation question
Law 23 gives the Supreme Council of Health formal health-insurance and information-governance roles and creates an independent Health Insurance Fund. It does not by itself demonstrate implemented networks, purchasing practice or patient behavior.
- Material reference
- material:3ef00c19facb1cfdcf91c085
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- law promulgated 2018; phased application specified in the law
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Market structure, Provider networks, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- Physical pages 8 to 9, 25, 29 and 59; Articles 4 to 5, 19, 23 to 24 and 52.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
- Page Count
- 77
- Response Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep statutory powers separate from actual purchasing, provider-network composition and use of electronic records.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Formal primary-to-secondary referral design
WHO EMRO Bahrain PHC Country Profile, pages 2 to 3; Law No. 23 of 2018, Article 38; Ministry of Health Referral Services for Secondary Health, accessed 22 August 2026.
Statement or annotation question
WHO reports a formal primary-to-secondary referral process and GP or family-physician gatekeeper role, linked to 2018 PHC registration data. Law 23 provides a formal basis for registration and coordination, while the Ministry currently describes secondary-care referral services. None measures national referral completion or bypass.
- Material reference
- material:152b03d68e96962d89fccea9
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain primary-health-care system
- Period
- WHO profile mainly reports 2017 to 2020 source years; Law 23 promulgated 2018; Ministry webpage retrieved 2026-08-22
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Governance and accountability, Hospital organization, Provider networks, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- WHO profile physical pages 2 to 3, 'Model of care' and 'Processes'; Law 23 physical page 43, Article 38; Ministry webpage section 'Referral Services for Secondary Health'.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 5646e030c99044da0620158176135e901b8947888743fb98e29839255cf72428
- Page Count
- 3
- Response Sha256
- 5646e030c99044da0620158176135e901b8947888743fb98e29839255cf72428
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep formal design and the dated registration indicator separate from observed pathway performance.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
NHRA regulatory authority and autonomy
Law No. 38 of 2009, Articles 2 to 3; NHRA Accreditation Policy and Standards 2023-2027, pages 4 to 5.
Statement or annotation question
Bahrain's NHRA has formal independence and regulatory authority over governmental and private health services. The cited sources establish regulatory design, not the degree of day-to-day autonomy exercised by any hospital or clinic.
- Material reference
- material:fbf64c15849cac658b92a177
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Governmental and private health-care facilities in Bahrain
- Period
- enabling law 2009 and accreditation standards 2023 to 2027
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- Law 38 physical pages 2 to 3; NHRA policy physical pages 4 to 5, 'About the National Health Regulatory Authority'.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
- Page Count
- 10
- Response Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Do not infer provider operational autonomy from regulator independence.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
National stewardship, regulation and insurance architecture
Law No. 38 of 2009, Articles 2 to 3; Law No. 23 of 2018, Articles 4 to 5 and 19; National Health Plan 2016-2025; Bahrain National Portal, accessed 15 August 2026; WHO Bahrain Health Systems Profile 2013.
Statement or annotation question
Bahrain's cited formal architecture assigns national stewardship and insurance-policy roles to the Supreme Council of Health, establishes NHRA as a regulator and establishes a Health Insurance Fund. The evidence does not establish a complete current contract map between a purchaser and all public or private providers.
- Material reference
- material:fa2f2ff949537740fee4cfab
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- formal instruments from 2009 to 2018, strategic plan 2016 to 2025 and current webpage accessed 2026-08-15
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Authoritative review, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Market structure, Provider ownership, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- Law 38 physical pages 2 to 3; Law 23 physical pages 8 to 9 and 25; National Health Plan pages 15 to 18; Government Healthcare sections on NHRA and Sehati; WHO profile pages 4 to 5.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
- Page Count
- 10
- Response Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep formal establishment, current public description and historical review evidence separate from implementation and contracting assumptions.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Observed referrals from primary care to one emergency department
Al Qassim et al. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 2022;34(3):37-42. doi:10.26715/jbms.34_3_6.
Statement or annotation question
A retrospective three-month review observed 1,094 official referrals from 18 primary-health-care centres to one tertiary emergency department. This is empirical pathway evidence for that setting, not a national referral-completion, bypass or patient-choice estimate.
- Material reference
- material:23408ccb6bc1573841918b4f
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Observed
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services emergency department and 18 referring PHC centres
- Period
- observations from 1 July to 30 September 2019; article published 2022
- Source layers
- Research Literature
- Coverage domains
- Facility data, Hospital organization, Provider networks, Observed referral, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- HTML 'Methods', 'Results' and 'Limitations' sections.
- Detected Media Type
- text/html
- Response Sha256
- 37b4865dc57d8c8d836ccfc8f2e8a342f1c5438e2e80548b414be69494162d9a
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep the study's site and time boundary visible and do not infer national pathway rates.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Provider-network design and patient-choice boundary
Law No. 23 of 2018, Articles 38 and 52; Bahrain National Portal, accessed 15 August 2026.
Statement or annotation question
Bahrain's health-insurance law provides for provider networks and primary-care registration rules, while the current portal frames provider choice as a Sehati objective. The available evidence does not verify a universal implemented choice rule or network use.
- Material reference
- material:35bee88de2f5707cc1692387
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- law promulgated 2018 and current portal description accessed 2026-08-15
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Market structure, Provider networks, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- Law 23 physical pages 43 and 59, Articles 38 and 52; Government Healthcare section 'National Health Insurance program'.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
- Page Count
- 77
- Response Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Label provider choice as policy intent until a source verifies rules, implemented networks and actual use.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Public and private providers share a regulatory field
NHRA Accreditation Policy and Standards 2023-2027, pages 4 to 5; Bahrain National Portal, accessed 15 August 2026; WHO Bahrain Health Systems Profile 2013.
Statement or annotation question
NHRA's policy and the government portal describe regulatory coverage of governmental and private providers. The evidence supports a mixed regulatory field, while the intended competitive role of Sehati remains distinct from proof of operational contracting or market effects.
- Material reference
- material:1dab7e35f45833281df23d26
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- NHRA standards 2023 to 2027, portal accessed 2026-08-15 and historical review published 2013
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Authoritative review, Governance and accountability, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Provider ownership, Primary care organization, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- NHRA policy physical pages 4 to 5; Government Healthcare sections on NHRA and Sehati; WHO profile pages 4 to 5.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 33775434c1895dcac91088d726c1195c2fc2ae3698a7c323242233e9e29b017c
- Page Count
- 34
- Response Sha256
- 33775434c1895dcac91088d726c1195c2fc2ae3698a7c323242233e9e29b017c
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Do not infer a purchaser-provider relationship, sector share or quality comparison where the sources state only regulatory scope or policy intent.
Candidate Analytical Mapping · Open for annotation
Regulation, planning and health-insurance reform timeline
Law No. 38 of 2009; Supreme Council of Health National Health Plan 2016-2025; Law No. 23 of 2018.
Statement or annotation question
The source-supported timeline records NHRA's legal establishment in 2009, the 2016 to 2025 National Health Plan, and the 2018 Health Insurance Law. These are formal or strategic milestones, not evidence that every related service, network or policy effect was implemented.
- Material reference
- material:5f2ff7789f5904e9e39cb7cb
- Pipeline stage
- Candidate-Analytical-Mappings
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- not supplied
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- 2009 to 2025 plan period, with 2018 law phased application
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Description
- Law 38 physical pages 2 to 3; National Health Plan pages 15 to 18 and 34; Law 23 pages 8 to 9, 25, 43 and 59.
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
- Page Count
- 10
- Response Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Do not convert strategic-plan targets or legal provisions into implementation outcomes.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Bahrain Health Systems Profile
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Bahrain Health Systems Profile. Cairo: WHO EMRO; 2013. https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Country_profile_2013_EN_15384.pdf
Statement or annotation question
The WHO profile documents a functioning high health council, family-practice and primary-care strengths, and a stated need for stronger public-private partnership. It is historical system-review context and should not be read as a current institutional map.
Source context or anchor
functioning high health council
- Material reference
- material:59920881782f3f1ef3b9680d
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- 2013
- Institution
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- health-system profile published 2013 using earlier data
- Source layers
- Review Literature
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Authoritative review, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Facility data, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Observed referral, Provider ownership, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- pdf_page_set_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- functioning high health council
- Source Word Count
- 4
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 4f2963628b531dbd16d09944060e085680bcfeba9a7077415c22d3ca0982af1c
- Page Count
- 2
- Response Sha256
- 4f2963628b531dbd16d09944060e085680bcfeba9a7077415c22d3ca0982af1c
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Use only as historical review context and do not extrapolate its facility, private-sector or governance descriptions to the current system.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Bahrain PHC Country Profile
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Bahrain PHC Country Profile. 2021. https://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/health-topics/uhc/documents/bahrain_phccp.pdf
Statement or annotation question
The WHO profile reports a formal primary-to-secondary referral process, 54.3 percent PHC registration and 6.27 percent of cases referred to secondary care in 2018. These are dated system indicators, not a current national bypass or completion measure.
Source context or anchor
Formal process exists for referrals
- Material reference
- material:a45d55d4cfd10d07667783c7
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- 2021
- Institution
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain primary-health-care system
- Period
- profile reports mainly 2017 to 2020 source years
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Facility data, Governance and accountability, Hospital organization, Provider networks, Observed referral, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- pdf_page_set_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- Formal process exists for referrals
- Source Word Count
- 5
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 5646e030c99044da0620158176135e901b8947888743fb98e29839255cf72428
- Page Count
- 3
- Response Sha256
- 5646e030c99044da0620158176135e901b8947888743fb98e29839255cf72428
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep the 2018 registration and referral values dated; the profile does not establish specialist-choice, completion or bypass rates.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Healthcare
Bahrain National Portal. Healthcare. Accessed 15 August 2026. https://www.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/en/BNP/HereInBahrain/Healthcare/
Statement or annotation question
The government portal describes NHRA regulation of public and private providers and presents Sehati as a program intended to support provider choice and public-private competition. Its future-oriented language does not verify full implementation.
Source context or anchor
right to choose the service provider
- Material reference
- material:c0b71fb449b150ba33a0f683
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- 2026
- Institution
- Bahrain National Portal
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- current government webpage accessed 2026-08-15
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Provider ownership, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- html_section_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- right to choose the service provider
- Source Word Count
- 7
- Detected Media Type
- text/html
- Response Sha256
- aaed023b5dcbc2f5941311971ecdeb0c595f0f137b109d199d3686d51eb6da73
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Read 'aims' and 'will' as policy intent, not proof of enacted provider choice, completed purchasing or utilization changes.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Law No. (23) of 2018 Promulgating the Health Insurance Law
Kingdom of Bahrain. Law No. (23) of 2018 Promulgating the Health Insurance Law. 2018. https://www.moh.gov.bh/Content/Upload/File/638248457033688553-SEHATI-Law_en.pdf
Statement or annotation question
The law creates a Health Insurance Fund, assigns the Supreme Council of Health powers over health-insurance policy and health-information governance, and provides for health-benefit packages, provider networks, primary-care registration rules and contracts with health-service providers.
Source context or anchor
The Health Insurance Fund
- Material reference
- material:cfe887079307d2c12cfda135
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- 2018
- Institution
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- law promulgated 2018; phased application is specified in the law
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Provider ownership, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- legal_articles
- Source Word Anchor
- The Health Insurance Fund
- Source Word Count
- 4
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
- Page Count
- 77
- Response Sha256
- a4f2943fab7664aee0d199d5a8977c08ac52fe703ba8ba6b661ef4e86b6d28ab
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Treat the Fund, provider-network and registration provisions as formal arrangements; do not assume completed rollout or actual patient choice without implementation evidence.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Law No. (38) for the Year 2009 Establishing the National Health Regulatory Authority
Kingdom of Bahrain. Law No. (38) for the Year 2009 Establishing the National Health Regulatory Authority. 2009. https://www.nhra.bh/departments/lau/laws%20resolutions/general/MediaHandler/GenericHandler/documents/departments/LAU/General/Gen000_Law_Law%20No.%20%2838%29%20for%202009%20Establishing%20the%20National%20Organization%20for%20the%20Regulation%20of%20Occupations%20and%20Health%20Services_English.pdf
Statement or annotation question
The law establishes the National Health Regulatory Authority as a public body with legal personality and financial and administrative independence, and assigns it regulatory and monitoring functions for health professions and services.
Source context or anchor
enjoy financial and administrative independence
- Material reference
- material:2609c2bb2f269ec6b8265987
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- 2009
- Institution
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- law promulgated 2009; current legal validity requires separate legal confirmation
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- legal_articles
- Source Word Anchor
- enjoy financial and administrative independence
- Source Word Count
- 5
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
- Page Count
- 10
- Response Sha256
- 3fc2a064d63fa8b860a3d20442cdcc717c5d3b6d5ed11c99455baee6ab511f72
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Confirm amendments and current legal validity before inferring any present operational power beyond the text of this law.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
National Health Plan 2016-2025
Supreme Council of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain. National Health Plan 2016-2025. 2016. https://www.bahrain.bh/wps/wcm/connect/ad2159e2-3fa3-49bd-8f12-8b861f92b3b6/National%2BHealth%2BPlan.pdf?CVID=p2LVX-u&MOD=AJPERES
Statement or annotation question
The plan assigns the Supreme Council of Health national supervisory responsibility and sets policy directions for health information, integrated services and private-sector investment; it is a strategic plan rather than evidence that each proposed arrangement was implemented.
Source context or anchor
supervise all health-related aspects at the national level
- Material reference
- material:6eddda67dd023899d2fdc9cf
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- 2016
- Institution
- Supreme Council of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- national plan period 2016 to 2025
- Source layers
- Grey Literature
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Facility data, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Provider ownership, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- pdf_page_set_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- supervise all health-related aspects at the national level
- Source Word Count
- 9
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 3dbd0e21a1955915d88aac3593157564e8ca6dc0a12dc76b1a0bcd6dee07c5fe
- Page Count
- 62
- Response Sha256
- 3dbd0e21a1955915d88aac3593157564e8ca6dc0a12dc76b1a0bcd6dee07c5fe
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep plan objectives and policy directions distinct from observed implementation and from post-2025 arrangements.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
National Health Regulatory Authority Accreditation Policy and Standards 2023-2027
National Health Regulatory Authority, Bahrain. Accreditation Policy and Standards 2023-2027. 2023. https://www.nhra.bh/Departments/Accreditation/Policies/MediaHandler/GenericHandler/documents/departments/Accreditation/Accreditation%20Policy%20V2.2.pdf
Statement or annotation question
NHRA's accreditation policy describes NHRA as an independent regulator and states that it regulates governmental and private health services, including licensing standards for facilities. The policy documents regulatory scope rather than provider performance.
Source context or anchor
both in the governmental and private sectors
- Material reference
- material:31e5e725fd7a8a2156b41c89
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Formal
- Publication date
- 2023
- Institution
- National Health Regulatory Authority, Bahrain
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Governmental and private health-care facilities in Bahrain
- Period
- standards 2023 to 2027
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Provider autonomy, Decision rights, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Hospital organization, Market structure, Provider networks, Primary care organization, Referral design, Reform history
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- pdf_page_set_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- both in the governmental and private sectors
- Source Word Count
- 7
- Detected Media Type
- application/pdf
- File Sha256
- 33775434c1895dcac91088d726c1195c2fc2ae3698a7c323242233e9e29b017c
- Page Count
- 34
- Response Sha256
- 33775434c1895dcac91088d726c1195c2fc2ae3698a7c323242233e9e29b017c
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Do not equate regulatory scope or accreditation standards with measured quality, coordination or compliance.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Referral Services for Secondary Health
Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain. Referral Services for Secondary Health. Accessed 22 August 2026. https://www.moh.gov.bh/Services/ReferralServices?lang=en
Statement or annotation question
The Ministry webpage states that Bahrain has adopted referral to secondary care and lists emergency and outpatient referrals to named hospitals. It describes the service pathway but does not report referral completion, bypass or utilization rates.
Source context or anchor
has adopted a system of referral to secondary care
- Material reference
- material:f652a3c65010f1cc32b7b32d
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- 2026
- Institution
- Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Ministry of Health referral services in the Kingdom of Bahrain
- Period
- current Ministry webpage retrieved 2026-08-22; no publication or update date displayed
- Source layers
- Official
- Coverage domains
- Hospital organization, Provider networks, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- html_section_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- has adopted a system of referral to secondary care
- Source Word Count
- 9
- Detected Media Type
- text/html
- File Sha256
- ea27a03ac6a8939c555c8db65aafdbeb9e8ffc7a55e12949afb3cd5a4e9ccad6
- Response Sha256
- ea27a03ac6a8939c555c8db65aafdbeb9e8ffc7a55e12949afb3cd5a4e9ccad6
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Treat the webpage as a current service description, not a measure of referral completion, bypass or patient choice.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Review of Patients Referred to the Emergency Department
Al Qassim G, Mohammed A, Ghanem H, Musbah E, Alkaabi AK, Al Ghanem S. Review of Patients Referred to the Emergency Department. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 2022;34(3):37-42. doi:10.26715/jbms.34_3_6. https://www.bhmedsoc.com/jbms/view-article.php?Article_Unique_Id=JBMS261
Statement or annotation question
A three-month record review at one tertiary emergency department recorded 1,094 official referrals from 18 primary-health-care centres. Its pathway results are facility-specific and cannot estimate national referral completion or patient choice.
Source context or anchor
A total of 1094 official patient referrals
- Material reference
- material:dfa633d38ab6985c570e9d13
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Observed
- Publication date
- 2022
- Institution
- Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services emergency department; referrals from Bahrain primary-health-care centres
- Period
- retrospective electronic-record review, 1 July to 30 September 2019
- Source layers
- Research Literature
- Coverage domains
- Facility data, Hospital organization, Provider networks, Observed referral, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- html_section_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- A total of 1094 official patient referrals
- Source Word Count
- 7
- Detected Media Type
- text/html
- Response Sha256
- 37b4865dc57d8c8d836ccfc8f2e8a342f1c5438e2e80548b414be69494162d9a
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Retain the single-emergency-department, three-month design and do not generalize its outcomes to all Bahraini referrals.
Country Improvement Source Lead · Open for annotation
Type 2 diabetes and healthcare resource utilisation in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Salman RA, AlSayyad AS, Ludwig C. Type 2 diabetes and healthcare resource utilisation in the Kingdom of Bahrain. BMC Health Services Research. 2019;19:939. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4795-5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6896470/
Statement or annotation question
A cost-of-illness study describes 28 primary health centres managing type 2 diabetes and states that their electronic files were networked with main hospitals. This is dated study-setting context, not a current national network audit or utilization estimate.
Source context or anchor
All health centres use electronic files
- Material reference
- material:590350086ad964f222224550
- Pipeline stage
- Country-Evidence-Improvement-Sources
- Evidence mode
- Reported
- Publication date
- 2019
- Institution
- BMC Health Services Research
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- Kingdom of Bahrain primary-health-care diabetes clinics and linked hospital system
- Period
- study data collected March 2011 to December 2012; article published 2019
- Source layers
- Research Literature
- Coverage domains
- Facility data, Hospital organization, Provider networks, Patient flows, Primary care organization, Referral design, Utilization
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Previous Boundary Detected
- False
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Locator Type
- html_section_anchor
- Source Word Anchor
- All health centres use electronic files
- Source Word Count
- 6
- Detected Media Type
- text/html
- File Sha256
- 23b37528b0c3328ff2ef76b4545c88cf9163c26c269b78e70a06dec4d9d93585
- Response Sha256
- 23b37528b0c3328ff2ef76b4545c88cf9163c26c269b78e70a06dec4d9d93585
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Keep the 2011 to 2012 study setting distinct from current national PHC capacity, network coverage and patient-flow estimates.
Displayed source projection · Open for annotation
WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Bahrain
World Health Organization. WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Bahrain. 2017. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-CCO-17.01-Bahrain
- Material reference
- candidate-source:BHR:c2c94c1be7c08c987afb
- Pipeline stage
- Current-Public-Source-Projection
- Evidence mode
- Not classified
- Publication date
- 2017
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Candidate Source Metadata
- Territory
- not supplied
- Period
- Not supplied
- Source layers
- Candidate Source Metadata, Official
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Primary care organization, Service Delivery
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Page Locator Linked From Locator Gap Acquisition
- True
- Previous Visibility
- Previously projected
- Paragraph Index On Page
- 1
- Physical Pdf Page
- 1
- Source Response Sha256
- ad5117c68f22363b98f13af185f3448e773aec5d6213cc404502a8bf85ba3ec7
- Source Url
- https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/37aae474-f3cb-4417-9f69-262f5ed43125/content
- Source Word Anchor
- is under way The referral process is well struc tured however the
- Source Word Count
- 12
- Response Sha256
- 5345a52c2c32726c5a98e4b0054d4b1281b0a81a88ac4a2689284adda0b68126
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Public source projection retained as a distinct stage record.
- A recoverable source locator was retrieved from this exact public source URL in the locator-gap traceability audit.
Source Triage Record · Open for annotation
WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Bahrain
World Health Organization. WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Bahrain. 2017. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-CCO-17.01-Bahrain
- Material reference
- material:a11b828195dad1b79527c74d
- Pipeline stage
- Global-Source-Triage-Queue
- Evidence mode
- Not classified
- Publication date
- 2017
- Institution
- not supplied
- Document type
- Not Supplied
- Territory
- not supplied
- Period
- Not supplied
- Source layers
- Who Emro
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Primary care organization, Service Delivery
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Page Locator Linked From Locator Gap Acquisition
- True
- Previous Boundary Detected
- True
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Earlier source-record status
- Open for annotation
- Paragraph Index On Page
- 1
- Physical Pdf Page
- 1
- Source Response Sha256
- ad5117c68f22363b98f13af185f3448e773aec5d6213cc404502a8bf85ba3ec7
- Source Url
- https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/37aae474-f3cb-4417-9f69-262f5ed43125/content
- Source Word Anchor
- is under way The referral process is well struc tured however the
- Source Word Count
- 12
- Response Sha256
- 5345a52c2c32726c5a98e4b0054d4b1281b0a81a88ac4a2689284adda0b68126
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Verify the exact bibliographic citation against the original source.
- Confirm that the document applies to the named country and intended territorial scope.
- Confirm document type, issuing institution, authority, and claim-specific suitability.
- Retrieve and hash the exact source version when it is not already verified.
- Check publication date, effective period, currency, and supersession risk.
- Confirm only domains directly supported by the reviewed source.
- Add substantive feedback directly through the text-anchored annotation layer.
- A recoverable source locator was retrieved from this exact public source URL in the locator-gap traceability audit.
Targeted Source Lead · Open for annotation
WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Bahrain
World Health Organization. WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Bahrain. 2017. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-CCO-17.01-Bahrain
- Material reference
- material:75787c76f2f23799a4c9fb7d
- Pipeline stage
- Targeted-Gap-Source-Leads
- Evidence mode
- Not classified
- Publication date
- 2017-05-01
- Institution
- World Health Organization
- Document type
- Country Cooperation Strategy Brief
- Territory
- not supplied
- Period
- Not supplied
- Source layers
- Not supplied
- Coverage domains
- Actors, Governance and accountability, Government responsibilities, Primary care organization, Service Delivery
- Current display status
- Shown in full and open for annotation
- Page Locator Linked From Locator Gap Acquisition
- True
- Previous Boundary Detected
- True
- Previous Visibility
- Previously not projected
- Earlier source-record status
- Unreviewed
- Source Version Linked From Locator Gap Acquisition
- True
- Status
- Candidate
- Paragraph Index On Page
- 1
- Physical Pdf Page
- 1
- Source Response Sha256
- ad5117c68f22363b98f13af185f3448e773aec5d6213cc404502a8bf85ba3ec7
- Source Url
- https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/37aae474-f3cb-4417-9f69-262f5ed43125/content
- Source Word Anchor
- is under way The referral process is well struc tured however the
- Source Word Count
- 12
- Detected Media Type
- text/html
- Response Sha256
- 0b32f29bed8ec19da64fd7d8e774c0217ec6aa58fce64baa9ae5876674738ab0
Annotation prompts and machine flags
- Authoritative official source page or publication exposes country-specific health-system organization, governance, delivery, or primary-care context.
- Immutable source-version metadata was retrieved from this exact public source URL in the locator-gap traceability audit.
- A recoverable source locator was retrieved from this exact public source URL in the locator-gap traceability audit.