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The available sources do not establish a quantified public-private market structure.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname, rural interior and urban coastal area", "title": "Reported fragmented territorial service mix", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://hia.paho.org/en/country-profiles/suriname" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Moving toward universal access to health and universal health coverage: a review of comprehensive primary health care in Suriname", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26245177/" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "PAHO country profile 2024; interior historical literature", "mapping_group": "relationships_and_networks", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:SUR:relationships-networks:reported-interior-specialist-consultation-link", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:SUR:paho-health-in-americas-profile-2024", "country-improvement-source:SUR:rainforest-primary-care-study-2018" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "reported-interior-specialist-consultation-link", "target_view": "delivery", "typed_fields": { "delivery_boundary": "No source establishes live telehealth operation, universal clinical pathway, transfer frequency, waiting time, or completed referrals.", "reported_network": "PAHO reports a primary-care telehealth project intended to improve specialist consultations for the interior; historical literature describes interior referral to Paramaribo hospitals when necessary." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "PAHO, Suriname - Country Profile, 2024; Mans et al., 2018.", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "networks", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "improve access to specialist consultations for the interior", "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "PAHO profile, Perspective, Measures to reduce inequalities; Mans et al., Background." }, "material_id": "material:82941ddb28aa58357b2e31f9", "notes": [ "Do not infer current specialist access, telehealth availability, transport, or referral completion." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "PAHO profile published 2024; historical-study description published 2018", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "f31f62cec356a87f3d7fa6d56b47d008ece61a63a9768b8c146664dcb4c3dc7d" }, "statement": "PAHO reports a telehealth project for specialist consultations in the interior, and a 2018 study historically describes referral to Paramaribo hospitals when needed. Neither proves an operating national pathway.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname interior, with Paramaribo referral destination mentioned historically", "title": "Reported interior specialist-consultation and referral links", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://hia.paho.org/en/country-profiles/suriname" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Fifty years of primary health care in the rainforest: temporal trends in morbidity and mortality in indigenous Amerindian populations of Suriname", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6119814/" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "PAHO country profile 2024; historical interior-network literature", "mapping_group": "actors_and_functions", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:SUR:actors-functions:reported-territorial-primary-care-actors", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:SUR:paho-health-in-americas-profile-2024", "country-improvement-source:SUR:rainforest-primary-care-study-2018", "country-improvement-source:SUR:marron-interior-health-model-review-2021" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "reported-territorial-primary-care-actors", "target_view": "functions", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "These sources do not provide a current legal ownership register, complete facility list, or national operating chart.", "reported_arrangement": "PAHO reports Medical Mission primary care in the rural interior and RGD in the urban coastal area; historical studies describe interior primary-care networks." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "PAHO, Suriname - Country Profile, 2024; Mans et al., 2018; Molijn, 2021.", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "ownership", "primary_care" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "a special health service provides primary care", "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "PAHO profile, Perspective, Measures to reduce inequalities in health; historical-study Background/Abstract." }, "material_id": "material:7d6b438173da81f0f599f204", "notes": [ "Do not infer current facility ownership, staffing, contracts, or uniform services from this territorial description." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "PAHO profile published 2024; historical studies published 2018 and 2021", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "f31f62cec356a87f3d7fa6d56b47d008ece61a63a9768b8c146664dcb4c3dc7d" }, "statement": "PAHO's 2024 profile distinguishes Medical Mission primary care in the rural interior from RGD primary care in the urban coastal area. Historical studies add interior-network context only.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname, differentiating rural interior and urban coastal area", "title": "Reported territorial primary-care actors and functions", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://hia.paho.org/en/country-profiles/suriname" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Fifty years of primary health care in the rainforest: temporal trends in morbidity and mortality in indigenous Amerindian populations of Suriname", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6119814/" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Gezondheidszorg onder de Marrons: Historische ontwikkelingen van het gezondheidszorgmodel in het binnenland van Suriname", "url": "https://adekusjournal.uvs.edu/index.php/acjoursu/article/view/29" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Enablers and barriers associated with successful implementation of group antenatal care in primary care facilities in Suriname: a qualitative evaluation study. Discover Health Systems. 2024. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44250-024-00082-w", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "networks", "primary_care", "referral_design", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "introduced in four primary care facilities", "institution": "Discover Health Systems", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "introduced in four primary care facilities", "source_word_count": 6 }, "material_id": "material:41b37c2d0e3d739300a68525", "notes": [ "This is a four-facility qualitative implementation study. Do not infer nationwide primary-care autonomy, antenatal coverage, or referral performance." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Group antenatal care introduced in 2019; qualitative evaluation published 2024", "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "publication_year": 2024, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "32ed63159c77e21ee19ca1b9aa3213ccf0218eb59539560b132a8e68ef0e18ea" }, "statement": "A qualitative evaluation reports group antenatal care introduced in four primary-care facilities in 2019 and describes midwives' expressed need for ownership and autonomy in adapting the model.", "tags": [], "territory": "Four primary-care facilities in Suriname", "title": "Enablers and barriers associated with successful implementation of group antenatal care in primary care facilities in Suriname: a qualitative evaluation study", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44250-024-00082-w" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Smits CCF, Toelsie JR, Eersel MGM, Krishnadath ISK. Equity in health care: an urban and rural, and gender perspective; the Suriname Health Study. AIMS Public Health. 2018;5(1):1-12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6070465/", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "free access to local primary health care", "institution": "AIMS Public Health", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "free access to local primary health care", "source_word_count": 7 }, "material_id": "material:c3a458675e88bc5ad7600b41", "notes": [ "Do not relabel area- and gender-associated study findings as current national access, referral completion, or causal policy effects." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Suriname Health Study evidence published 2018; source discusses policy dating from the 1960s", "publication_date": "2018-01-11", "publication_year": 2018, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "86302344aa131016083cfe8410a75a4ff8d1c5aa74eee633132a4d58c2cf8a05" }, "statement": "The study reports rural-interior policy context of local primary-care access with referral to coastal specialist care, and examines health-care-use differences by area and gender.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname, with urban/coastal and rural-interior comparison", "title": "Equity in health care: an urban and rural, and gender perspective; the Suriname Health Study", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6070465/" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Mans DRA, et al. Fifty years of primary health care in the rainforest: temporal trends in morbidity and mortality in indigenous Amerindian populations of Suriname. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2018;18:24. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6119814/", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "networks", "observed_referral", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "with referral if necessary to hospitals", "institution": "BMC International Health and Human Rights", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "with referral if necessary to hospitals", "source_word_count": 6 }, "material_id": "material:786b1345362e1fe397559bda", "notes": [ "Retain the interior Indigenous-population scope. Do not generalise this historical network description to all Suriname or infer current referral completion." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Study published 2018; reports temporal data and historical network development", "publication_date": "2018-08-22", "publication_year": 2018, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "08f6e6aec9912b2241855e0a530ed5004cb967ae0ada2be2e5d494f3d1095420" }, "statement": "The study describes Medical Mission's historical interior network of primary-care centres and referral, when necessary, to hospitals in Paramaribo; its observations are not a national referral-performance measure.", "tags": [], "territory": "Indigenous Amerindian populations in Suriname's rainforest/interior", "title": "Fifty years of primary health care in the rainforest: temporal trends in morbidity and mortality in indigenous Amerindian populations of Suriname", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6119814/" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Molijn A. Gezondheidszorg onder de Marrons: Historische ontwikkelingen van het gezondheidszorgmodel in het binnenland van Suriname. Academic Journal of Suriname. 2021;10(1):20-33. https://adekusjournal.uvs.edu/index.php/acjoursu/article/view/29", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "networks", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "geïntegreerd Primary Health Care model", "institution": "Academic Journal of Suriname", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "geïntegreerd Primary Health Care model", "source_word_count": 5 }, "material_id": "material:1e650cf853d02ef7f52039ce", "notes": [ "Maintain the historical interior/Marron scope. The review does not establish present facility configuration, authority, utilisation, or national performance." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Historical review published 2021", "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "publication_year": 2021, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "a290a13c5b13359b0bd0a5b1a2e2b8721e51c2bcda930b3a8795e4c9883443a2" }, "statement": "This historical review describes development of an integrated primary-health-care model for Suriname's interior; it is used as historical context, not as evidence of current operations or outcomes.", "tags": [], "territory": "Marron communities and the interior of Suriname", "title": "Gezondheidszorg onder de Marrons: Historische ontwikkelingen van het gezondheidszorgmodel in het binnenland van Suriname", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://adekusjournal.uvs.edu/index.php/acjoursu/article/view/29" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. Hospital beds (per 1,000 people), Suriname, World Development Indicators. Data response accessed 22 August 2026. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/SUR/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)", "institution": "World Bank, World Development Indicators", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource_and_fields", "source_word_anchor": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)", "source_word_count": 5 }, "material_id": "material:b93ea3fcba1cb07070d271db", "notes": [ "This is a national capacity indicator only. It does not identify hospital ownership, bed distribution, occupancy, care quality, referral completion, or current service performance." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "World Development Indicators response last updated 13 July 2026; latest non-null observation returned is 2022", "publication_date": "2026-07-13", "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "62d35b61140d761247c3e3385d05dc5000d304918c8fe5249d88538a70413496" }, "statement": "The World Bank WDI response reports Suriname's latest non-null hospital-bed density as 2.87 beds per 1,000 people in 2022.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname national series", "title": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people), Suriname", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/SUR/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Larye S, Goede H, Barten F. Moving toward universal access to health and universal health coverage: a review of comprehensive primary health care in Suriname. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 2015;37(6):415-421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26245177/", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "primary_care", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Only three of the 58 articles met", "institution": "Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "Only three of the 58 articles met", "source_word_count": 7 }, "material_id": "material:9ad6f788376f7695d3b93867", "notes": [ "Preserve the review's historical evidence base and literature-gap finding. It cannot establish current comprehensive-primary-care implementation." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Literature review published 2015; covers prior published evidence and late-1990s to early-2000s reform context", "publication_date": "2015-06-01", "publication_year": 2015, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "9300772a44f99728b74d12d209c2e2d28c9a42ec1e9b1cce69ea5fbf987d2e52" }, "statement": "This literature review found only three eligible articles and reports that those articles gave partial accounts of comprehensive primary care and interior service-delivery arrangements.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname, including the interior service-delivery network", "title": "Moving toward universal access to health and universal health coverage: a review of comprehensive primary health care in Suriname", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26245177/" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Pan American Health Organization. PAHO Suriname Office Holds Stakeholder Meeting to Discuss Biennial Work Plan 2024-2025. 24 October 2023. https://www.paho.org/en/news/24-10-2023-paho-suriname-office-holds-stakeholder-meeting-discuss-biennial-work-plan-2024-2025", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "deliberate the Biennial Work Plan for 2024-2025", "institution": "Pan American Health Organization", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "deliberate the Biennial Work Plan for 2024-2025", "source_word_count": 8 }, "material_id": "material:0591750c031c3eba5d095f8c", "notes": [ "A reported meeting and proposed work-plan discussion are not evidence of programme implementation or national accountability performance." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Stakeholder meeting October 2023; biennial work-plan period 2024-2025", "publication_date": "2023-10-24", "publication_year": 2023, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "62030e2ef7bdd01c4d67f89deed52b35237bfa83658e3b73064f35168148b35d" }, "statement": "PAHO reports a stakeholder meeting to deliberate its 2024-2025 biennial work plan, framed around priorities in the Country Cooperation Strategy.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname national health sector", "title": "PAHO Suriname Office Holds Stakeholder Meeting to Discuss Biennial Work Plan 2024-2025", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.paho.org/en/news/24-10-2023-paho-suriname-office-holds-stakeholder-meeting-discuss-biennial-work-plan-2024-2025" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Pan American Health Organization. PAHO/WHO in Suriname. Accessed 22 August 2026. https://www.paho.org/en/suriname", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "PAHO/WHO in Suriname", "institution": "Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "PAHO WHO in Suriname", "source_word_count": 4 }, "material_id": "material:265cd6cb5099baaaef4ba3f4", "notes": [ "Do not infer PAHO/WHO decision rights, implementation responsibility, or current programme coverage from a country-office page." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Organisation country page accessed 22 August 2026", "publication_date": "2026-08-22", "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "edb95ee89d11c6ee98de38086ccda2668a9b196bae9f7d521c799fa516ec6827" }, "statement": "The PAHO/WHO country-office page identifies Suriname as a country-office context for PAHO/WHO cooperation; it is used only to identify the international actor, not to infer operational authority.", "tags": [], "territory": "Suriname", "title": "PAHO/WHO in Suriname", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.paho.org/en/suriname" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Pan American Health Organization. Signing of the Country Cooperation Strategy 2023-2025 between PAHO/WHO and Ministry of Health Suriname. 15 May 2023. https://www.paho.org/en/news/15-5-2023-signing-country-cooperation-strategy-ccs-2023-2025-between-pahowho-and-ministry", "country_ids": [ "SUR" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": "formal signing of the Country Cooperation Strategy", "institution": "Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_page", "source_word_anchor": "formal signing of the Country Cooperation Strategy", "source_word_count": 7 }, "material_id": "material:d238f1685286a60506505f0a", "notes": [ "Treat this as evidence of a signed cooperation framework only. 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