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], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:LIE:9d278672bef4744b9481756c" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:6bf27ae663d8f82e52ba132b" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:11ab16ef95645ce90e295d39" }, { "dimension": "Workforce", "provider_group": "Hospitals", "authority_label": "Not stated in cited provisions", "counterpart": "No autonomy rating is supported for appointments or staffing.", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:4acffa31fe2b24b2ff26ece4" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:LIE:9d278672bef4744b9481756c" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:6bf27ae663d8f82e52ba132b" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:4acffa31fe2b24b2ff26ece4" }, { "dimension": "Capital", "provider_group": "Primary care", "authority_label": "Not stated in cited provisions", "counterpart": "No autonomy rating is supported for capital investment.", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:130f8ca52598fceb3c6e7555" ], "display_source_ids": [ 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Das Gesundheitswesen im Fürstentum Liechtenstein: Aktuelle Übersicht, strategische Schwerpunkte und Massnahmen, Update 2020. 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European Social Policy Network, European Commission, 2018. https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ext-linst-c5-web-liechtenstein-institut.li-2019/3515/7435/6070/LI_ESPN_2017-2018_TR3_inequalities_in_access_to_healthcare_V1.0_clear.pdf", "url": "https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ext-linst-c5-web-liechtenstein-institut.li-2019/3515/7435/6070/LI_ESPN_2017-2018_TR3_inequalities_in_access_to_healthcare_V1.0_clear.pdf", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "pages": [ 5, 6 ], "sections": [ "Summary/Highlights", "Description of the functioning of the country's healthcare system for access" ], "source_word_anchor": "doctors and hospitals in the neighbouring countries are also available", "source_word_count": 10 }, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "f8faf3bbe0732d4b9ee9b1c02decd84cc059ddd9081992358987886c3936f9d7", "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "hash_verified": true, "retrieved_at": "2026-08-21" }, "source_projection_id": "country-improvement-source:LIE:espn-access-review-2018", "display_source_id": "display-source:LIE:795e009467e61dd959f0e10d", "source_version_id": "display-source-version:797e2efcf6b7398fc2c3b2aa" }, { "title": "Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität", "citation": "Statistik Liechtenstein. 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Krankenkassenstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität. 2024. https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/462-krankenversicherer/2023/01/1/462.2023.01.1_01_krankenkassenstatistik-2023-methodik-und-qualitaet.pdf", "url": "https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/462-krankenversicherer/2023/01/1/462.2023.01.1_01_krankenkassenstatistik-2023-methodik-und-qualitaet.pdf", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "pages": [ 4, 5 ], "sections": [ "1.3 Gegenstand der Statistik", "1.4 Datenquellen" ], "source_word_anchor": "in Liechtenstein und im Ausland, die über die OKP abrechnen", "source_word_count": 10 }, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "fdb86e58ff361b1c095485729dae0ee590eb993d05f559f800dddf93c758768e", "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "hash_verified": true, "retrieved_at": "2026-08-22", "version_label": "reporting year 2023 methodology" }, "source_projection_id": "country-improvement-source:LIE:insurer-statistics-methodology-2023", "display_source_id": "display-source:LIE:a21d0e760a2aa44a913db36b", "source_version_id": "display-source-version:82de02151f09401c154cb4ee" } ], "source_version": { "file_sha256": "e297e2336940e4e41d4a941bc58bf421bde6ebec7e458d513cc5a4d9d4e1c6fe", "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "hash_verified": true, "retrieved_at": "2026-08-21" }, "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:LIE:0e4ba1169f48d788540b6fcc", "display-source:LIE:795e009467e61dd959f0e10d", "display-source:LIE:f8123f47e02502a64217704a", "display-source:LIE:a21d0e760a2aa44a913db36b" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:8a08aaffc54c8ff7007509ed", "display-source-version:797e2efcf6b7398fc2c3b2aa", "display-source-version:db33893edbb766d109be190c", "display-source-version:82de02151f09401c154cb4ee" ], "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:cacb8c05df12036a2c31b7e8", "display-claim:875e8b96e265d4edb60a31fd", "display-claim:0b88464491d8bb59e20093fc" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:cacb8c05df12036a2c31b7e8", "display_eligible": true, "canonical_claim": false, "publication_boundary": "source_linked_typed_mapping_visible_for_annotation_not_a_canonical_claim" }, { "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:LIE:delivery-referrals:dated-facility-statistics-and-public-indicator-boundary", "country_id": "LIE", "mapping_group": "delivery_and_referrals", "target_view": "delivery", "target_slot": "dated-facility-statistics-and-public-indicator-boundary", "support_state": "candidate_supported", "annotation_state": "open", "mapping_basis": "Statistik Liechtenstein healthcare-provision publication and methodology, plus World Bank and Eurostat public indicator responses", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:LIE:statistics-healthcare-provision-2020", "country-improvement-source:LIE:world-bank-hospital-beds-api-2026", "country-improvement-source:LIE:healthcare-provision-methodology-2023", "country-improvement-source:LIE:eurostat-hospital-beds-li-2020-query" ], "typed_fields": { "observed": "The official 2020 statistical publication reports three hospitals or clinics with 89 beds in that reporting year and separately tabulates domestic and neighbouring-country expenditure allocation.", "boundary": "The retrieved World Bank endpoint and filtered Eurostat query contain no corresponding 2020 Liechtenstein observation, while the 2023 methodology limits the domestic perspective. These sources cannot update the official count or yield ownership shares, service-volume denominators or individual patient routes." }, "analytical_objects": { "provider_delivery_observations": [ { "label": "Hospital or clinic capacity", "observation": "Three hospitals or clinics with 89 beds were reported for 2020.", "scope": "Official reporting-year aggregate, not a current facility registry.", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:b4fc4b971e37b0b596b63c0d" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:LIE:d728afc292532638dc594600", "display-source:LIE:74c6d5852d214e9808527679", "display-source:LIE:f8123f47e02502a64217704a", "display-source:LIE:e14d4ae3266d50d4749ad802" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:27463fd9f0be80e0e49172c5", "display-source-version:a3ad58f72fa2c953f871135e", "display-source-version:db33893edbb766d109be190c", "display-source-version:ea342982cfd8a2420d0e7ae9" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:b4fc4b971e37b0b596b63c0d" }, { "label": "Public indicator availability", "observation": "The retrieved WDI hospital-bed response has no non-null Liechtenstein observation.", "scope": "Specific SH.MED.BEDS.ZS response retrieved 2026-08-21; no zero value is implied.", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:6af1dcef5b825266ac19bdf7" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:LIE:d728afc292532638dc594600", "display-source:LIE:74c6d5852d214e9808527679", "display-source:LIE:f8123f47e02502a64217704a", "display-source:LIE:e14d4ae3266d50d4749ad802" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:27463fd9f0be80e0e49172c5", "display-source-version:a3ad58f72fa2c953f871135e", "display-source-version:db33893edbb766d109be190c", "display-source-version:ea342982cfd8a2420d0e7ae9" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:6af1dcef5b825266ac19bdf7" } ] }, "title": "Official facility statistics are dated and international queries are incomplete", "statement": "The official 2020 statistical publication reports three hospitals or clinics with 89 beds. 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World Development Indicators, Hospital beds (per 1,000 people), Liechtenstein, SH.MED.BEDS.ZS. Retrieved 2026-08-21. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/LIE/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/LIE/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource", "sections": [ "SH.MED.BEDS.ZS", "1960-2025 observations" ], "source_word_anchor": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)", "source_word_count": 5 }, "source_version": { "response_sha256": "7b1d7c17ef5de9058cf7da762396abc5088b8c5a233c143da7f3d52d86c73e3f", "detected_media_type": "application/json", "hash_verified": true, "retrieved_at": "2026-08-21", "upstream_last_updated": "2026-07-13" }, "source_projection_id": "country-improvement-source:LIE:world-bank-hospital-beds-api-2026", "display_source_id": "display-source:LIE:74c6d5852d214e9808527679", "source_version_id": "display-source-version:a3ad58f72fa2c953f871135e" }, { "title": "Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität", "citation": "Statistik Liechtenstein. Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität. 2024. https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/451-gesundheitsversorgung/2023/01/1/451.2023.01.1_01_gesundheitsversorgung_2023_methodik_und_qualitaet.pdf", "url": "https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/451-gesundheitsversorgung/2023/01/1/451.2023.01.1_01_gesundheitsversorgung_2023_methodik_und_qualitaet.pdf", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "pages": [ 5, 6 ], "sections": [ "1.7 Wichtige Hinweise", "2.1 Relevanz" ], "source_word_anchor": "die Inlandsperspektive der Gesundheitsversorgung in Liechtenstein nicht die Realität", "source_word_count": 9 }, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "fe254640033e6badfe18b875a6e891bedb83ca51ec807280614476e047332d15", "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "hash_verified": true, "retrieved_at": "2026-08-22", "version_label": "reporting year 2023 methodology" }, "source_projection_id": "country-improvement-source:LIE:healthcare-provision-methodology-2023", "display_source_id": "display-source:LIE:f8123f47e02502a64217704a", "source_version_id": "display-source-version:db33893edbb766d109be190c" }, { "title": "Eurostat hospital beds by type of care, Liechtenstein filtered query", "citation": "Eurostat. 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It does not demonstrate network uptake or observed referral behaviour.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein", "title": "A formal referral condition applies within the statutory care-network model", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.gesetze.li/konso/pdf/1971050000" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "Government health-policy overview", "mapping_group": "relationships_and_networks", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:LIE:relationships-networks:cross-border-hospital-contracting-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:LIE:government-health-policy-overview-2020" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "cross-border-hospital-contracting-boundary", "target_view": "referrals", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "Contracted access and billing relationships do not identify a patient-level referral route, referral completion, counter-referral, bypassing, clinical appropriateness or current activity.", "reported": "The 2020 overview states that Liechtenstein purchases hospital services through contracts with foreign hospitals because domestic hospital provision cannot cover all services; it reports that more than 200 hospitals billed Liechtenstein funds in 2016." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry for Society, Das Gesundheitswesen im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Update 2020.", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "hospital_organization", "networks", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "referral_design", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Government overview PDF page 10, 2.1.3 Leistungserbringer und Ort der Leistungserbringung." }, "material_id": "material:9c6cf9582a251cf66a0bb4c5", "notes": [ "Do not equate foreign-provider billing with an observed referral route or completion rate." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Reported 2016 contracting and billing context; overview updated 2020", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "e297e2336940e4e41d4a941bc58bf421bde6ebec7e458d513cc5a4d9d4e1c6fe" }, "statement": "The 2020 overview states that hospital services are purchased through contracts with foreign hospitals where domestic provision is insufficient and notes more than 200 hospitals billed Liechtenstein funds in 2016. This does not map patient-level referral routes or outcomes.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein and foreign contracted hospitals", "title": "Cross-border hospital contracting is not a patient-level referral measure", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://medienportal.regierung.li/files/attachments/20200217-fl-gesundheitspolitische-gesamtplanung-update-638354089909374225.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "Government health-policy overview, independent ESPN thematic review, and official statistical-scope methodologies", "mapping_group": "delivery_and_referrals", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:LIE:delivery-referrals:dated-domestic-and-cross-border-delivery-context", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:LIE:government-health-policy-overview-2020", "country-improvement-source:LIE:espn-access-review-2018", "country-improvement-source:LIE:healthcare-provision-methodology-2023", "country-improvement-source:LIE:insurer-statistics-methodology-2023" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "dated-domestic-and-cross-border-delivery-context", "target_view": "delivery", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "The 2023 methodologies also delimit domestic and OKP billing perspectives. 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These sources cannot update the official count or yield ownership shares, service-volume denominators or individual patient routes.", "observed": "The official 2020 statistical publication reports three hospitals or clinics with 89 beds in that reporting year and separately tabulates domestic and neighbouring-country expenditure allocation." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Statistik Liechtenstein, Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2020 and 2023 methodology; World Bank WDI, SH.MED.BEDS.ZS, retrieved 2026; Eurostat HLTH_RS_BDS filtered query, retrieved 2026.", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "patient_flows", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Statistik Liechtenstein 2020 PDF pages 6 and 10; 2023 methodology PDF pages 5-6; World Bank SH.MED.BEDS.ZS and Eurostat HLTH_RS_BDS filtered API resources." }, "material_id": "material:e32baaf86f93d6dc5193b634", "notes": [ "The empty international API responses are data-availability boundaries, never zero estimates or contradictions of the official dated count." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Official statistics reporting year 2020; methodology reporting year 2023; WDI and Eurostat responses retrieved 2026-08-22", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "c389f3b447f506e02cd199a5c7b9622664d08c26dbf2d6bba3b53b0c956341cd" }, "statement": "The official 2020 statistical publication reports three hospitals or clinics with 89 beds. 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It separately regulates provider contracts." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Principality of Liechtenstein, KVG, Art. 16b and 16d, consolidated version 39.", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "market_structure", "primary_care" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "KVG Art. 16b Abs. 1-7 and Art. 16d Abs. 1-7." }, "material_id": "material:8d56d39dbfba8fedf6864230", "notes": [ "Do not infer a national provider-autonomy score from planning or contract provisions." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Consolidated version 39 retrieved 2026-08-21", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "0f28d6ea56d708308ce3298e27b42f37cdad071495275c32b7ebd660eca4bcb0", "text_sha256": "a0cc88262cd37071bf7b30ce34f6d683c4359908829f58c22ccd9e956a1fac65" }, "statement": "The KVG provides for joint physician-capacity planning by the Medical Chamber and insurers' association, Government approval and specified fallback powers, alongside provider-contract rules. It is not a whole-provider decision-rights matrix.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein", "title": "Physician capacity planning and provider contracting are formally specified", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.gesetze.li/konso/pdf/1971050000" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "Liechtenstein KVG cited provisions", "mapping_group": "decision_rights_and_autonomy", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:LIE:decision-autonomy:provider-autonomy-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:LIE:kvg-consolidated-2026" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "provider-autonomy-evidence-boundary", "target_view": "autonomy", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "No selected source directly reports a nationwide provider-level right to appoint leaders, hire and dismiss staff, retain surpluses, borrow, procure, invest capital or configure all services.", "formal": "The cited KVG provisions set selected external planning, contracting, tariff, quality and reporting constraints." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Principality of Liechtenstein, KVG, Art. 16b-16f and 19a, consolidated version 39.", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "hospital_organization", "primary_care" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "KVG Art. 16b-16f and 19a." }, "material_id": "material:626a490d1a24e0f570e1cb11", "notes": [ "Keep the missing autonomy dimensions explicit; do not treat absence of enumeration as centralisation or decentralisation." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Consolidated version 39 retrieved 2026-08-21", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "0f28d6ea56d708308ce3298e27b42f37cdad071495275c32b7ebd660eca4bcb0", "text_sha256": "a0cc88262cd37071bf7b30ce34f6d683c4359908829f58c22ccd9e956a1fac65" }, "statement": "The cited KVG provisions set selected external planning, contracting, tariff, quality and reporting constraints. 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It does not describe all routine service functions or patient pathways.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein in the joint Switzerland-Liechtenstein IHR evaluation", "title": "Public-health emergency support is described in a joint IHR evaluation", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://extranet.who.int/sph/sites/default/files/jeeta/WHO-WHE-CPI-2018.26-eng.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Bericht und Antrag Nr. 51/2010 betreffend die Gesamtschau und Weiterentwicklung des Liechtensteinischen Gesundheitswesens. 2010. https://bua.regierung.li/BuA/default.aspx?content=1282981980&nr=51&year=2010", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Systemfragen (Geldflüsse), Gesetzesanpassungen und Massnahmenpläne aufzulegen", "institution": "Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein", "locator": { "locator_type": "html_report_sections", "source_word_anchor": "Systemfragen (Geldflüsse), Gesetzesanpassungen und Massnahmenpläne aufzulegen", "source_word_count": 5 }, "material_id": "material:4fea29460b2e1f07a2b9450f", "notes": [ "Do not infer that proposals or a planned master plan were implemented, sustained or effective." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Government report submitted 4 May 2010; proposed follow-up is prospective within that report", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2010, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "642738b8471bc09d948594aa2163183afbf2dd1e0bd7f0f7258beb0a22bb8c07" }, "statement": "The 2010 government report was tasked to set out system scenarios, legal changes and action plans, and proposed further work through a master plan. It records a policy-development stage, not later implementation or current governance.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein", "title": "Bericht und Antrag betreffend die Gesamtschau und Weiterentwicklung des Liechtensteinischen Gesundheitswesens", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://bua.regierung.li/BuA/default.aspx?content=1282981980&nr=51&year=2010" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry for Society, Principality of Liechtenstein. Das Gesundheitswesen im Fürstentum Liechtenstein: Aktuelle Übersicht, strategische Schwerpunkte und Massnahmen, Update 2020. June 2020. https://medienportal.regierung.li/files/attachments/20200217-fl-gesundheitspolitische-gesamtplanung-update-638354089909374225.pdf", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Da Liechtenstein seine Versorgung mit Spitalleistungen nicht zur Gänze selbst sicherstellen kann", "institution": "Ministry for Society, Principality of Liechtenstein", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "source_word_anchor": "Da Liechtenstein seine Versorgung mit Spitalleistungen nicht zur Gänze selbst sicherstellen kann", "source_word_count": 12 }, "material_id": "material:e50c5bfa4bb0ea61dc74f48c", "notes": [ "Keep every numerical description tied to its stated year. Do not turn the policy overview into current referral-flow, provider-autonomy, ownership-share or hospital-performance evidence." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Update published June 2020; cited service, facility and expenditure observations are explicitly dated 2015-2018 or 2016 where stated", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2020, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "e297e2336940e4e41d4a941bc58bf421bde6ebec7e458d513cc5a4d9d4e1c6fe" }, "statement": "The government overview describes policy priorities and a dated mixed domestic and cross-border delivery context. Its historical expenditure, facility and contracted-hospital descriptions are not current measures of activity, ownership or referral completion.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein, with separately described contracted providers and services in neighbouring countries", "title": "Das Gesundheitswesen im Fürstentum Liechtenstein: Aktuelle Übersicht, strategische Schwerpunkte und Massnahmen, Update 2020", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://medienportal.regierung.li/files/attachments/20200217-fl-gesundheitspolitische-gesamtplanung-update-638354089909374225.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Hornich P. ESPN Thematic Report on Inequalities in access to healthcare: Liechtenstein. European Social Policy Network, European Commission, 2018. https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ext-linst-c5-web-liechtenstein-institut.li-2019/3515/7435/6070/LI_ESPN_2017-2018_TR3_inequalities_in_access_to_healthcare_V1.0_clear.pdf", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "doctors and hospitals in the neighbouring countries are also available", "institution": "European Social Policy Network / European Commission", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "source_word_anchor": "doctors and hospitals in the neighbouring countries are also available", "source_word_count": 10 }, "material_id": "material:6831aa18e02d7b2772bef763", "notes": [ "Treat the report as a 2018 review and retain all stated indicator-year boundaries. The report's access discussion is not a current inventory of providers or a measured referral-completion result." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Thematic review published May 2018; cited facility and workforce figures are explicitly dated 2014 or 2016", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2018, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "f8faf3bbe0732d4b9ee9b1c02decd84cc059ddd9081992358987886c3936f9d7" }, "statement": "This independent thematic review describes mandatory insurance, free-market elements, dated local facilities and access to neighbouring-country providers. It explicitly reports gaps in access-inequality indicators and should not be used as current capacity, ownership or observed-referral evidence.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein, with review-period access to providers in neighbouring countries discussed", "title": "ESPN Thematic Report on Inequalities in access to healthcare: Liechtenstein", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ext-linst-c5-web-liechtenstein-institut.li-2019/3515/7435/6070/LI_ESPN_2017-2018_TR3_inequalities_in_access_to_healthcare_V1.0_clear.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Eurostat. Hospital beds by type of care, historical data, Liechtenstein, annual, number, available beds in hospitals, 2020 query. Retrieved 2026-08-22. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_rs_bds?geo=LI&unit=NR&facility=HBEDT&time=2020", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "Available beds in hospitals (HP.1)", "institution": "Eurostat", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource", "source_word_anchor": "Available beds in hospitals (HP.1)", "source_word_count": 5 }, "material_id": "material:a0d26ba5e3fb0ba5d88cfe40", "notes": [ "Do not interpret the empty filtered response as a zero-bed observation or as a contradiction of the official 2020 publication." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Filtered annual 2020 query retrieved 2026-08-22; dataset structure updated 2024-01-03", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2024, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "2a0dd49caf2ad3b9916e800071b5ac7a475b0b4ae7618a61b2bfc5322f042bea" }, "statement": "The filtered Eurostat response identifies Liechtenstein and the all-hospital-beds series but returns no observation for the requested 2020 combination. It is a historical database response, not evidence of zero beds or service use.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein, geopolitical reporting entity LI", "title": "Eurostat hospital beds by type of care, Liechtenstein filtered query", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_rs_bds?geo=LI&unit=NR&facility=HBEDT&time=2020" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Principality of Liechtenstein, Legal Information System (Lilex). Gesetz vom 24. November 1971 über die Krankenversicherung (KVG), consolidated version 39. Retrieved 2026-08-21. https://www.gesetze.li/konso/pdf/1971050000", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "market_structure", "networks", "observed_referral", "primary_care", "referral_design" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": "Die Ärztekammer und der Kassenverband erstellen gemeinsam eine Bedarfsplanung", "institution": "Principality of Liechtenstein, Legal Information System (Lilex)", "locator": { "locator_type": "legal_provisions", "source_word_anchor": "Die Ärztekammer und der Kassenverband erstellen gemeinsam eine Bedarfsplanung", "source_word_count": 9 }, "material_id": "material:bef1c07d91c6c4e55dd8212b", "notes": [ "The statutory provisions do not show which network arrangements exist, which patients use them, whether referral conditions are followed, or each provider's financial, staffing, capital and appointment autonomy." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Consolidated version 39 retrieved 2026-08-21; the source is used only for the provisions cited", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "0f28d6ea56d708308ce3298e27b42f37cdad071495275c32b7ebd660eca4bcb0", "text_sha256": "a0cc88262cd37071bf7b30ce34f6d683c4359908829f58c22ccd9e956a1fac65" }, "statement": "The consolidated KVG assigns specified planning, contracting, tariff, network, quality and reporting roles to the Government, the insurers' association, professional associations and recognised providers. It establishes formal rules, not observed practice or a complete provider-autonomy inventory.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein; provisions apply to compulsory health-care insurance and its recognised providers", "title": "Gesetz über die Krankenversicherung (KVG), consolidated version", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.gesetze.li/konso/pdf/1971050000" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Statistik Liechtenstein. Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2020. 2021. https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/759-gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik/2020/01/1/759.2020.01_01_gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik-2020.pdf", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "patient_flows", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "drei Spitälern/ Kliniken in Liechtenstein mit 89 Betten", "institution": "Statistik Liechtenstein", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "source_word_anchor": "drei Spitälern/ Kliniken in Liechtenstein mit 89 Betten", "source_word_count": 8 }, "material_id": "material:82927c7580838eed9054d86a", "notes": [ "Facility and expenditure aggregates must remain dated 2020. A domestic-versus-foreign invoice location is not an individual referral pathway, clinical outcome, ownership share or current capacity claim." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Reporting year 2020; the publication was released 2021", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2021, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "c389f3b447f506e02cd199a5c7b9622664d08c26dbf2d6bba3b53b0c956341cd" }, "statement": "The statistical publication reports three hospitals or clinics with 89 beds in 2020 and presents domestic-versus-neighbouring-country expenditure allocation. It is a dated aggregate publication, not a provider register, ownership census or patient-route dataset.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein; expenditure tables distinguish services invoiced domestically and in neighbouring countries", "title": "Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2020", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/759-gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik/2020/01/1/759.2020.01_01_gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik-2020.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Statistik Liechtenstein. Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität. 2024. https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/451-gesundheitsversorgung/2023/01/1/451.2023.01.1_01_gesundheitsversorgung_2023_methodik_und_qualitaet.pdf", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "patient_flows", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "die Inlandsperspektive der Gesundheitsversorgung in Liechtenstein nicht die Realität", "institution": "Statistik Liechtenstein", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "source_word_anchor": "die Inlandsperspektive der Gesundheitsversorgung in Liechtenstein nicht die Realität", "source_word_count": 9 }, "material_id": "material:aedf351822dec000391484de", "notes": [ "Do not treat the domestic statistical perspective as a complete resident-care, referral or foreign-provider inventory." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Methodology for reporting year 2023, published 2024", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2024, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "fe254640033e6badfe18b875a6e891bedb83ca51ec807280614476e047332d15" }, "statement": "The methodology says the domestic perspective does not represent residents' full care and notes close links with neighbouring countries. It documents a statistical-scope boundary, not patient-level routes or all services available to residents.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein; the document explicitly notes medical-service links with neighbouring countries", "title": "Gesundheitsversorgungsstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/451-gesundheitsversorgung/2023/01/1/451.2023.01.1_01_gesundheitsversorgung_2023_methodik_und_qualitaet.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. World Development Indicators, Hospital beds (per 1,000 people), Liechtenstein, SH.MED.BEDS.ZS. Retrieved 2026-08-21. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/LIE/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "market_structure", "patient_flows", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)", "institution": "World Bank, World Development Indicators", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource", "source_word_anchor": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)", "source_word_count": 5 }, "material_id": "material:89d79a67dadc50f74cf3e9e1", "notes": [ "Do not turn the absence of a non-null value in this response into a zero-bed estimate or a statement about data collection beyond this specific public indicator response." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "API retrieved 2026-08-21; response metadata last updated 2026-07-13; all 1960-2025 values in this response are null", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "7b1d7c17ef5de9058cf7da762396abc5088b8c5a233c143da7f3d52d86c73e3f" }, "statement": "The retrieved World Bank hospital-bed indicator response contains no non-null Liechtenstein observation. It documents an indicator-availability boundary only and supplies no capacity estimate, ownership share, service volume or patient-flow measure.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein", "title": "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people), Liechtenstein", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/LIE/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Health Organization. Joint external evaluation of IHR core capacities of the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein. 2018. https://extranet.who.int/sph/sites/default/files/jeeta/WHO-WHE-CPI-2018.26-eng.pdf", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "primary_care", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Liechtenstein relies mainly on Switzerland and Austria for emergency services", "institution": "World Health Organization", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "source_word_anchor": "Liechtenstein relies mainly on Switzerland and Austria for emergency services", "source_word_count": 10 }, "material_id": "material:39640cfeb66852c33d37b3ec", "notes": [ "The JEE's IHR remit should not be generalized to everyday specialist, hospital or patient referral pathways." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Joint external evaluation mission in 2017, published 2018", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2018, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "a6158c5b569b5200f71585d1aecdca1b37634da0c138363fb9e37e157ca0e5a7" }, "statement": "The joint evaluation reports that Liechtenstein relies mainly on Switzerland and Austria for emergency services and describes a small public-health workforce. It assesses IHR capacities, not routine hospital referral, general service delivery or all bilateral care arrangements.", "tags": [], "territory": "Joint Switzerland-Liechtenstein IHR evaluation; cited Liechtenstein passages concern public-health and emergency support", "title": "Joint external evaluation of IHR core capacities of the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://extranet.who.int/sph/sites/default/files/jeeta/WHO-WHE-CPI-2018.26-eng.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Statistik Liechtenstein. Krankenkassenstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität. 2024. https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/462-krankenversicherer/2023/01/1/462.2023.01.1_01_krankenkassenstatistik-2023-methodik-und-qualitaet.pdf", "country_ids": [ "LIE" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "in Liechtenstein und im Ausland, die über die OKP abrechnen", "institution": "Statistik Liechtenstein", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_sections", "source_word_anchor": "in Liechtenstein und im Ausland, die über die OKP abrechnen", "source_word_count": 10 }, "material_id": "material:0a110599bbf0b9c28ba05367", "notes": [ "Do not convert the insurer billing universe into an observed clinical referral pathway, complete resident-care inventory or provider-contract inventory." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Methodology for reporting year 2023, published 2024", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2024, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "fdb86e58ff361b1c095485729dae0ee590eb993d05f559f800dddf93c758768e" }, "statement": "The methodology defines its claim-billing universe to include providers in Liechtenstein and abroad that bill under OKP. It does not observe clinical referral initiation, completion or all residents' care.", "tags": [], "territory": "Liechtenstein and providers abroad billing through compulsory health-care insurance (OKP)", "title": "Krankenkassenstatistik 2023: Methodik und Qualität", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/462-krankenversicherer/2023/01/1/462.2023.01.1_01_krankenkassenstatistik-2023-methodik-und-qualitaet.pdf" } ] }, { "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Health Organization. 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