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This is design intent and does not establish implemented membership or patient-flow performance.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica; proposed primary-care delivery network", "title": "An integrated delivery network is proposed", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PRHCARE_BOOKLET_april21-min.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "World Bank hospital-bed, physician and nursing indicator APIs, with PAHO country-profile context", "mapping_group": "time_and_reform", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:time-reform:dated-national-capacity-series", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:world-bank-hospital-beds-2026", "country-improvement-source:JAM:world-bank-physicians-2026", "country-improvement-source:JAM:world-bank-nurses-2026", "country-improvement-source:JAM:paho-human-resources-country-profile-2025" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "dated-national-capacity-series-boundary", "target_view": "reforms", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "The series and profile do not attribute changes to reform, identify organizations, establish staffing control, or measure utilization and referral performance.", "series": "Dated national hospital-bed, physician and nursing density series are available; PAHO also presents selected workforce indicators with displayed source years." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank World Development Indicators, Hospital beds, Physicians, and Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people, Jamaica, retrieved 2026; PAHO, Human resources for health: Country Profile, Jamaica, 2025.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "patient_flows", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "World Bank API resources SH.MED.BEDS.ZS, SH.MED.PHYS.ZS and SH.MED.NUMW.P3, country JAM; PAHO profile, p. 1." }, "material_id": "material:44b34b9d829d8fc570ee93fb", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "World Bank observations retrieved 2026-08-21 and 2026-08-22; PAHO profile published 2025 with displayed 2018 and 2021 indicators", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "f6d7ab356dd5e7843e19844faa2557a3db9924bb9d66c91b40bf72b3f3ff2e41" }, "statement": "World Bank APIs provide dated national bed, physician and nursing density series for Jamaica, while a PAHO country profile displays selected workforce indicators with their source years. These aggregate sources cannot demonstrate a reform effect, organization-specific capacity, autonomy or patient-flow change.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Capacity and workforce indicators do not demonstrate reform effects", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Physicians per 1,000 people, Jamaica", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?format=json" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people, Jamaica", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?format=json" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Human resources for health: Country Profile, Jamaica", "url": "https://www.paho.org/sites/default/files/2025-04/jamaica_0.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "baseline observations in Ministry reform document and a 2017 Kingston clinic audit", "mapping_group": "delivery_and_referrals", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:delivery-referrals:reported-baseline-primary-care-availability", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:phc-reform-2021-2030", "country-improvement-source:JAM:duncan-primary-care-audit-2020" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "dated-baseline-bypass-context", "target_view": "referrals", "typed_fields": { "observed_boundary": "Neither the reported facility baseline nor the five-centre audit measures patient-level referral completion, bypass or current national access.", "reported_observation": "The reform document reports 315 functioning health centres in 63 districts and describes limited daily curative service availability; a separate audit covers five Kingston health centres in 2017." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica, Primary Healthcare Reform for Jamaica 2021-2030; Duncan et al., primary-care clinic audit, 2020.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Ministry reform document, Primary Care Perspective, pp. 23-24; Duncan et al., PubMed abstract, five Kingston health centres." }, "material_id": "material:bc8068c9d704dae16feb1e2f", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Reform-document baseline reported 2021; Kingston chart audit January to September 2017", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "5b93b310285bdce4d1380d330df8bc881c9d8744c7840b502fc5624137744456" }, "statement": "The Ministry reform document reports baseline limitations in daily curative-service availability and notes hospital bypass pressure. Separately, a 2017 audit covers hypertension and diabetes care at five Kingston health centres. Neither source estimates referral adherence, completion, bypass or current national use.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica public primary-care network; five health centres in Kingston for the audit", "title": "Dated primary-care observations are not referral-performance evidence", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PRHCARE_BOOKLET_april21-min.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Use of a simplified clinical audit tool to evaluate hypertension and diabetes management in primary care clinics in Jamaica", "url": "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=32516505&rettype=abstract&retmode=xml" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "World Bank health-financing profile and 1990 nationwide primary-care clinic study", "mapping_group": "relationships_and_networks", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:relationships-networks:dated-public-private-care-context", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:world-bank-health-financing-profile-2014", "country-improvement-source:JAM:peabody-public-private-primary-care-1994" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "historical-private-facility-use-context", "target_view": "public-private", "typed_fields": { "market_boundary": "Neither dated source supplies current market shares, contracts, ownership denominators or comparative use volumes.", "reported_context": "The 2014 profile reports private-facility use despite abolished public-facility user fees; a separate 1990 survey compared public and private primary-care clinics." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank, Health Financing Profile: Jamaica, 2014; Peabody et al., Quality of care in public and private primary health care facilities, 1994.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "World Bank profile, p. 1; Peabody et al., PubMed abstract, nationwide 1990 survey." }, "material_id": "material:69b9439d5ba4ae73a3c76a53", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "World Bank profile published 2014; Peabody study surveys 1990 clinics", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "ec37418e5ed2c8287d2b128f0c4cd9e104508b5b1ed4423ca5717903fc02bccb" }, "statement": "A 2014 World Bank profile reports continued private-facility use after public-facility user fees were abolished. Separately, a 1990 nationwide survey compared public and private primary-care clinics. These dated sources do not establish a current market share, contract, ownership or patient-flow claim.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Dated public-private care contexts", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/360521468283472404/pdf/883420BRI0P1230a0final0January02014.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Quality of care in public and private primary health care facilities: structural comparisons in Jamaica", "url": "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=8069333&rettype=abstract&retmode=xml" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "2016 Ministry referral and transfer manual", "mapping_group": "delivery_and_referrals", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:delivery-referrals:formal-referral-and-counter-referral-design", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:referral-transfer-policy-2016" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "formal-national-referral-procedures", "target_view": "referrals", "typed_fields": { "formal_design": "The manual sets primary-to-secondary or tertiary referral and counter-referral procedures.", "practice_boundary": "No completion, delay, bypass, acceptance or counter-referral-rate series is supplied." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health, Jamaica, Policy and Procedure Manual for the Referral and Transfer of Patients, 2016.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "hospital_organization", "networks", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Post-referral Period, p. 21; Referrals from Primary to Secondary or Tertiary Care, pp. 23-24." }, "material_id": "material:0aaaeae90ae2993291ebd560", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "2016 manual; current implementation not established", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "71e828e141656bbae3fb7ff34002273df8dbe27b26453dc8bdedaff812ae07cb" }, "statement": "The 2016 manual sets intended primary-to-secondary or tertiary referral and counter-referral procedures. It does not show whether patients followed those procedures or quantify completion, delay or bypass.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica referral system", "title": "Formal referral and counter-referral procedures", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Revised-MOH-Policy-and-Procedure-Manual-for-the-Referral-and-Transfer-of-Patients-22.09.16.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "PAHO Health in the Americas country-profile review", "mapping_group": "actors_and_functions", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:actors-functions:reviewed-health-2030-direction", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:paho-health-in-americas-profile-2026" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "vision-for-health-2030-direction", "target_view": "functions", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "PAHO's review does not identify implemented projects, provider ownership or local decision rights.", "reported_direction": "primary-care expansion, infrastructure modernization, governance strengthening and workforce alignment" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Pan American Health Organization, Jamaica country profile, Health in the Americas, 2024.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "primary_care", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Prospects, Measures to achieve universal health coverage." }, "material_id": "material:1f72395199db154b5c4b0718", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Country profile published 2024; accessed 2026-08-21", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "76aa86f1657029889d02212b4efda06a372ae10f65ef3adde074dffef2967731" }, "statement": "PAHO reports a Vision for Health 2030 direction that includes primary-care expansion, infrastructure modernization, governance strengthening and workforce alignment. This is review-level strategic context, not verified delivery or a current organizational registry.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Health 2030 direction is reviewed", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://hia.paho.org/en/country-profiles/jamaica" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "Ministry Primary Healthcare Reform 2021-2030", "mapping_group": "time_and_reform", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:time-reform:phc-reform-intent-and-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:phc-reform-2021-2030" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "primary-healthcare-reform-2021-2030", "target_view": "reforms", "typed_fields": { "reform_intent": "The document proposes reorganized health centres, expanded service points and integration across levels.", "status": "Plan or proposal; completion and effects not established." } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica, Primary Healthcare Reform for Jamaica 2021-2030.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "governance", "hospital_organization", "networks", "primary_care", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Introduction and Scope for Primary Health Care in 2021-2030, pp. 4-5 and 28-31." }, "material_id": "material:b2d4d4d776331314430f261c", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "2021-2030 reform plan", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "5b93b310285bdce4d1380d330df8bc881c9d8744c7840b502fc5624137744456" }, "statement": "The Primary Healthcare Reform 2021-2030 proposes service reorganization and integration across levels. The available plan does not establish that each proposal was implemented or produced the stated effects.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Primary-care reform is recorded as intent", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PRHCARE_BOOKLET_april21-min.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "scope limits across official reform and referral documents", "mapping_group": "decision_rights_and_autonomy", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:decision-autonomy:no-provider-autonomy-classification", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:phc-reform-2021-2030", "country-improvement-source:JAM:referral-transfer-policy-2016" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "provider-autonomy-evidence-boundary", "target_view": "autonomy", "typed_fields": { "autonomy_boundary": "Neither document supplies a verified provider-level matrix for workforce, financial management, procurement, capital or service-mix authority.", "classification": "not classified" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica, Primary Healthcare Reform for Jamaica 2021-2030; Ministry of Health, Jamaica, Referral and Transfer Manual, 2016.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "hospital_organization", "primary_care" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Organization of Health Services, pp. 31-32; Referral and Transfer Manual, Healthcare Delivery in Jamaica, p. 11." }, "material_id": "material:8e54856c17cff8063486f4e3", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "2021-2030 reform document and 2016 manual", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "5b93b310285bdce4d1380d330df8bc881c9d8744c7840b502fc5624137744456" }, "statement": "Available official documents describe organizational arrangements and intended referral procedures but do not support a provider-autonomy classification. No authority score is assigned.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Provider autonomy remains unclassified", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PRHCARE_BOOKLET_april21-min.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Policy and Procedure Manual for the Referral and Transfer of Patients", "url": "https://moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Revised-MOH-Policy-and-Procedure-Manual-for-the-Referral-and-Transfer-of-Patients-22.09.16.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "2016 Ministry referral and transfer manual", "mapping_group": "actors_and_functions", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:JAM:actors-functions:stated-national-and-regional-roles", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:JAM:referral-transfer-policy-2016" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "ministry-policy-and-rha-delivery-roles", "target_view": "functions", "typed_fields": { "boundary": "The manual does not give a complete current decision-rights matrix or prove operational practice.", "ministry_role": "policy development and implementation monitoring", "regional_role": "public-sector health-service delivery management in defined geographic areas" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health, Jamaica, Policy and Procedure Manual for the Referral and Transfer of Patients, 2016.", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Healthcare Delivery in Jamaica, p. 11." }, "material_id": "material:d7c824f3d11ed9745ad98f2f", "notes": [], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "2016 manual; current operation not established", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "71e828e141656bbae3fb7ff34002273df8dbe27b26453dc8bdedaff812ae07cb" }, "statement": "The 2016 manual states that the Ministry develops policy and monitors implementation, while four Regional Health Authorities manage public-sector service delivery in defined geographic areas. This is formal institutional design, not observed authority in every decision.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica public health sector", "title": "Stated national and regional roles", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Revised-MOH-Policy-and-Procedure-Manual-for-the-Referral-and-Transfer-of-Patients-22.09.16.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. Health Financing Profile: Jamaica. 2014. https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/360521468283472404/pdf/883420BRI0P1230a0final0January02014.pdf", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "seek care from private facilities when possible", "institution": "World Bank", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_section", "source_word_anchor": "seek care from private facilities when possible", "source_word_count": 7 }, "material_id": "material:220adab1587ea5e2055b4f2d", "notes": [ "Keep all market and capacity statements within the 2014 profile's historical data frame; this is not evidence of current private-sector volume or ownership shares." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Profile published 2014; finance and capacity figures use the years stated in the profile", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2014, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "ec37418e5ed2c8287d2b128f0c4cd9e104508b5b1ed4423ca5717903fc02bccb" }, "statement": "The World Bank profile reports that abolition of public-facility user fees in 2008 coincided with persistent private-facility use and describes low physician and bed density in its historical indicator frame. It does not provide a current provider-market share, referral-flow or ownership registry.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Health Financing Profile: Jamaica", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/360521468283472404/pdf/883420BRI0P1230a0final0January02014.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. World Development Indicators, Hospital beds per 1,000 people, Jamaica. Retrieved 21 August 2026. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Hospital beds per 1,000 people", "institution": "World Bank World Development Indicators", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource", "source_word_anchor": "SH.MED.BEDS.ZS", "source_word_count": 1 }, "material_id": "material:1f388f3fe6e370953fb1054a", "notes": [ "Do not convert an aggregate national input series into a hospital ownership, autonomy, utilization or patient-flow measure." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Dated annual observations retrieved 2026-08-21", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "f6d7ab356dd5e7843e19844faa2557a3db9924bb9d66c91b40bf72b3f3ff2e41" }, "statement": "The World Bank API supplies a dated national hospital-beds-per-1,000-population series for Jamaica. The aggregate series does not identify hospitals, ownership, capacity use or referral patterns.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Hospital beds per 1,000 people, Jamaica", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?format=json" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Pan American Health Organization. Human resources for health: Country Profile, Jamaica. 2025. https://www.paho.org/sites/default/files/2025-04/jamaica_0.pdf", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "market_structure", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Doctors, nursing and midwives per 10,000 population", "institution": "Pan American Health Organization", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_section", "source_word_anchor": "Doctors, nursing and midwives per 10,000 population", "source_word_count": 7 }, "material_id": "material:9bd660dd98a978f6669db803", "notes": [ "Preserve the profile's displayed indicator years and do not infer provider-level organization, autonomy or patient flows." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Profile labels selected indicators 2018 and 2021; published 2025", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2025, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "8e1be995e4aa67330eff8d6448630be8cbc1f78038bd83e8aee6e5a0f6b195f9" }, "statement": "PAHO's one-page country profile presents selected Jamaica health-workforce and UHC indicators with their displayed source years. It does not provide provider-level authority, ownership, utilization or referral-flow measures.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Human resources for health: Country Profile, Jamaica", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.paho.org/sites/default/files/2025-04/jamaica_0.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Pan American Health Organization. Jamaica country profile, Health in the Americas. Accessed 21 August 2026. https://hia.paho.org/en/country-profiles/jamaica", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "primary_care", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Specific strategies include an expansion of primary care", "institution": "Pan American Health Organization", "locator": { "locator_type": "html_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "Specific strategies include an expansion of primary care", "source_word_count": 8 }, "material_id": "material:913dd21284b49c29baa3fef5", "notes": [ "Use the profile as a dated authoritative review and preserve the stated indicator years; do not elevate strategic direction to implementation evidence." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Country profile published 2024 and accessed 2026-08-21; indicators retain their source years", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2024, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "text/html", "response_sha256": "76aa86f1657029889d02212b4efda06a372ae10f65ef3adde074dffef2967731" }, "statement": "PAHO's country-profile review reports that Vision for Health 2030 includes primary-care expansion, infrastructure modernization, governance strengthening and workforce alignment. It is a country synthesis, not a current registry of provider ownership, decision rights or referral performance.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Jamaica country profile, Health in the Americas", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://hia.paho.org/en/country-profiles/jamaica" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. World Development Indicators, Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people, Jamaica. Retrieved 22 August 2026. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?format=json", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people", "institution": "World Bank World Development Indicators", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource", "source_word_anchor": "SH.MED.NUMW.P3", "source_word_count": 1 }, "material_id": "material:627381aead0f8183b58d23b9", "notes": [ "Do not convert the aggregate national workforce series into an employer, ownership, autonomy, utilization or referral-performance measure." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Dated annual observations retrieved 2026-08-22", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "dd9b7ec6c2e37fbb9dba909707e223539dc53ec86d44032dd56a8b5ae92478da" }, "statement": "The World Bank API supplies a dated national nurses-and-midwives-per-1,000-population series for Jamaica. The aggregate series does not identify employers, facilities, staffing authority, utilization or patient movement.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people, Jamaica", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?format=json" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. World Development Indicators, Physicians per 1,000 people, Jamaica. Retrieved 21 August 2026. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?format=json", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "facility_data", "market_structure", "patient_flows", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Physicians per 1,000 people", "institution": "World Bank World Development Indicators", "locator": { "locator_type": "api_resource", "source_word_anchor": "SH.MED.PHYS.ZS", "source_word_count": 1 }, "material_id": "material:2a9d561b3ac58a3c67a7cd56", "notes": [ "Do not use the aggregate workforce series as a measure of provider autonomy, staffing control or referral completion." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Dated annual observations retrieved 2026-08-21", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "c8ce56096fcf1a18711fa77be3f97b47677f25d55d1855a1ecb1e3a7282616c2" }, "statement": "The World Bank API supplies a dated national physicians-per-1,000-population series for Jamaica. It does not distinguish public and private employment, clinical location, authority or actual patient movement.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica", "title": "Physicians per 1,000 people, Jamaica", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/JAM/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?format=json" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health, Jamaica. Policy and Procedure Manual for the Referral and Transfer of Patients. 2016. https://moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Revised-MOH-Policy-and-Procedure-Manual-for-the-Referral-and-Transfer-of-Patients-22.09.16.pdf", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "networks", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": "The Ministry of Health is responsible for policy development", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Jamaica", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_section", "source_word_anchor": "The Ministry of Health is responsible for policy development", "source_word_count": 8 }, "material_id": "material:d12b4ab7d49bc3029bd5207f", "notes": [ "This manual establishes intended procedures and stated responsibilities only; do not infer referral completion, bypass rates or current legal force." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Policy and procedure manual dated 2016; current implementation and supersession not established", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2016, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "71e828e141656bbae3fb7ff34002273df8dbe27b26453dc8bdedaff812ae07cb" }, "statement": "The manual assigns Ministry policy and monitoring roles and describes four geographically defined Regional Health Authorities as responsible for public-sector service-delivery management. It specifies intended referral, transfer and counter-referral procedures, not measured pathway compliance.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica public and private health-sector referral system", "title": "Policy and Procedure Manual for the Referral and Transfer of Patients", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Revised-MOH-Policy-and-Procedure-Manual-for-the-Referral-and-Transfer-of-Patients-22.09.16.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica. Primary Healthcare Reform for Jamaica 2021-2030. 2021. https://www.moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PRHCARE_BOOKLET_april21-min.pdf", "country_ids": [ "JAM" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "networks", "observed_referral", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "formal", "excerpt": "The Regional Health Authorities are responsible for delivering health services", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_section", "source_word_anchor": "The Regional Health Authorities are responsible for delivering health services", "source_word_count": 9 }, "material_id": "material:7422fe5c8a4d468f7f2f6e7e", "notes": [ "Treat proposed reform arrangements as formal intent, not verified implementation or current provider autonomy.", "Retain the document's stated facility and time boundaries for its reported baseline observations." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Primary Healthcare Reform 2021-2030; implementation status not established by this document", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2021, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "5b93b310285bdce4d1380d330df8bc881c9d8744c7840b502fc5624137744456" }, "statement": "The Ministry's reform document sets out a proposed primary-care model involving public health centres, health departments, hospitals and contemplated private-provider participation. It also reports selected baseline facility-service observations, which remain dated to the document's stated frame.", "tags": [], "territory": "Jamaica; proposed primary-care reform network", "title": "Primary Healthcare Reform for Jamaica 2021-2030", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PRHCARE_BOOKLET_april21-min.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Peabody JW, Rahman O, Fox K, Gertler P. Quality of care in public and private primary health care facilities: structural comparisons in Jamaica. 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