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"bih:fbih", "target_node_id": "bih:cantons", "relationship": "health administration and financing are territorially decentralized", "relationship_family": "governance", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:3f0502545ac338240d481453" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:BIH:bc8024c4876467c55d957ca4", "display-source:BIH:144c527bfb3fd91867d9d65a", "display-source:BIH:2b380e2303f929d67fa92951" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:dae3e56f806a3669741a305c", "display-source-version:63e44ec780c55f61c25e974e", "display-source-version:c335a532137a50dce69e1459" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:3f0502545ac338240d481453" } ], "function_assignments": [ { "actor_label": "Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "function_label": "Federation-level health framework", "role": "Reported entity-level actor", "actor_family": "subnational", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:6f3c5b67117caf3c15714b38" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:BIH:bc8024c4876467c55d957ca4", "display-source:BIH:144c527bfb3fd91867d9d65a", "display-source:BIH:2b380e2303f929d67fa92951" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:dae3e56f806a3669741a305c", "display-source-version:63e44ec780c55f61c25e974e", "display-source-version:c335a532137a50dce69e1459" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:6f3c5b67117caf3c15714b38" }, { "actor_label": "Ten Federation cantons", "function_label": "Territorial health administration and financing", "role": "Reported cantonal actors", "actor_family": "subnational", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:d278bfedafc9305602e92558" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:BIH:bc8024c4876467c55d957ca4", "display-source:BIH:144c527bfb3fd91867d9d65a", "display-source:BIH:2b380e2303f929d67fa92951" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:dae3e56f806a3669741a305c", "display-source-version:63e44ec780c55f61c25e974e", "display-source-version:c335a532137a50dce69e1459" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:d278bfedafc9305602e92558" }, { "actor_label": "Republika Srpska", "function_label": "Separate entity health system", "role": "Reported entity-level actor", "actor_family": "subnational", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:73f2209e43dd9b330bf16bd8" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:BIH:bc8024c4876467c55d957ca4", "display-source:BIH:144c527bfb3fd91867d9d65a", "display-source:BIH:2b380e2303f929d67fa92951" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:dae3e56f806a3669741a305c", "display-source-version:63e44ec780c55f61c25e974e", "display-source-version:c335a532137a50dce69e1459" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:73f2209e43dd9b330bf16bd8" }, { "actor_label": "Brcko District", "function_label": "Separate district health system", "role": "Reported district actor", "actor_family": "subnational", "display_claim_ids": [ "display-claim:750e2996af5409d64c705273" ], "display_source_ids": [ "display-source:BIH:bc8024c4876467c55d957ca4", "display-source:BIH:144c527bfb3fd91867d9d65a", "display-source:BIH:2b380e2303f929d67fa92951" ], "source_version_ids": [ "display-source-version:dae3e56f806a3669741a305c", "display-source-version:63e44ec780c55f61c25e974e", "display-source-version:c335a532137a50dce69e1459" ], "display_evidence_object_id": "display-claim:750e2996af5409d64c705273" } ] }, "title": "Territorial health-system functions are not one national delivery chain", "statement": "Available sources support a territorial map of Federation and cantonal systems, Republika Srpska and Brcko District. 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It does not establish referral volumes, completed episodes, patient choice or performance.", "tags": [], "territory": "Brcko District only, for specialist care unavailable within the District", "title": "Brcko District reports referrals for unavailable specialist care", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.mhrr.gov.ba/PDF/LjudskaPrava/11th%20Report_2020.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI: An Overview of the Health Sector", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_who_system_assessment_cross_checked_against_imf_review_and_qualitative_family_medicine_follow_up", "mapping_group": "delivery_and_referrals", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:delivery-referrals:family-medicine-and-hospital-centred-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:imf-article-iv-health-sector-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:family-medicine-development-follow-up-2020" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "family-medicine-primary-care-and-hospital-centred-delivery", "target_view": "delivery", "typed_fields": { "delivery_boundary": "The cited sources do not provide a current facility-level service mix or a national referral-completion rate", "hospital_description": "WHO reports the systems remain largely hospital-centred", "primary_care_description": "WHO reports progress in family-medicine-centred primary care", "qualitative_follow_up": "A qualitative follow-up describes family-medicine development and participants' accounts of continuing scope, staffing and integration constraints", "territory_boundary": "The summary cannot replace separate Federation-canton, Republika Srpska and Brcko analyses" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "WHO, Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022; IMF, Article IV Consultation Annex VI, 2022; Hodgetts G, et al., Twenty-five years on, 2020.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "networks", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "WHO Key points and Provision of services sections, pages 7 and 24; IMF Annex VI paragraph 1; qualitative follow-up Background, Results and Discussion sections." }, "material_id": "material:4d182f0034343193b2b621ec", "notes": [ "Do not infer a gatekeeping rule, referral completion or comparable facility capacity from the family-medicine and hospital-centred descriptions." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "WHO report published 2022; qualitative follow-up published 2020; implementation periods in cited evidence vary", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "c39c44f7f47167d5442c910b0a1ad0060591c9e4c4b1819ff2ce535ba6c2f4c3" }, "statement": "WHO reports progress in family-medicine-centred primary care while also describing the health systems as largely hospital-centred. A qualitative follow-up documents participants' accounts of continuing primary-care constraints. Together, these sources do not provide an observed national referral, waiting-time, utilization or quality measure.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, with territorial systems requiring separate local confirmation", "title": "Family medicine has progressed within a hospital-centred system", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI: An Overview of the Health Sector", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Twenty-five years on: revisiting Bosnia and Herzegovina after implementation of a family medicine development program", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC6958717/unicode" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_federation_government_page_and_cross_checked_with_who_and_world_bank_reviews", "mapping_group": "decision_rights_and_autonomy", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:decision-autonomy:federation-and-canton-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:fbih-ministry-health-page-2026", "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:world-bank-health-systems-improvement-project-2021" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "federation-framework-and-cantonal-health-decisions", "target_view": "decisions", "typed_fields": { "cantonal_boundary": "Ten cantons have separate health-system responsibilities", "decision_boundary": "The sources do not identify a uniform cantonal purchasing decision or provider contract", "federation_actor": "Federal Ministry of Health", "federation_role": "Listed Federation-level health remit and legal framework", "territory_boundary": "This mapping applies only to the Federation and cannot be generalized to Republika Srpska or Brcko District" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federal Ministry of Health, accessed 15 August 2026; WHO, Health Systems in Action, 2022; World Bank, Health Systems Improvement Project, 2021.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "Federal Ministry page, Nadleznosti and Zakoni sections; WHO pages 7 and 17; World Bank pages 14 to 15." }, "material_id": "material:880cbde3c6cca43174c84f40", "notes": [ "Do not extrapolate the Federation-level page to any named canton, to Republika Srpska or to Brcko District." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Ministry webpage accessed 2026-08-15; review and project sources published 2021 to 2022", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "response_sha256": "70d5146724d9ed0d7b30b31b2eb904a7f1eb9e1f029448bb4ee7d8150f7b901d" }, "statement": "The Federal Ministry of Health is a Federation-level actor, while available reviews describe ten separate cantonal systems. The evidence does not justify assigning one identical purchasing, ownership or operational decision to all Federation cantons.", "tags": [], "territory": "Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its ten cantons only", "title": "Federation framework and cantonal decision boundary", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/bosanski/ministarstva/zdravstvo.php" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Bosnia and Herzegovina Health Systems Improvement Project", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/838951648042774354/pdf/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-Health-Systems-Improvement-Project.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_project_appraisal_and_institutional_baseline_from_world_bank_cross_checked_against_who_system_assessment", "mapping_group": "time_and_reform", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:time-reform:project-reform-not-completed-change", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:world-bank-health-systems-improvement-project-2021", "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "health-systems-improvement-project-reform-boundary", "target_view": "reforms", "typed_fields": { "formal_source_boundary": "The cited sources do not establish a formal national reform instrument or a formal completion determination", "historical_boundary": "WHO reports ongoing primary-care reforms but does not establish that all objectives were achieved", "implementation_boundary": "No uniform completion claim is made for Federation cantons, Republika Srpska or Brcko District", "reform_event": "The World Bank appraisal reports a project intended to address fragmented governance and service-delivery challenges", "reported_status": "The appraisal reports a planned project and institutional baseline, not completed reform effects" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank, Bosnia and Herzegovina Health Systems Improvement Project, 2021; WHO, Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "primary_care", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "World Bank health-sector context, legal framework and project-description sections, pages 14 to 15 and 29; WHO Key points." }, "material_id": "material:9e9b098e45f86e7c33201fe5", "notes": [ "Add implementation monitoring by territory before replacing planned status with evidence of operational change." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "World Bank appraisal 2021; WHO assessment published 2022", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "4e2ec956d6a4a3c4c2e4ceddb2b18c5acdff648812501d7f32638da9b1a437d5" }, "statement": "The World Bank appraisal reports a reform project and institutional baseline. It should be displayed as reported project-appraisal evidence, not as a formal national reform instrument or as evidence that planned governance, primary-care or hospital changes were completed across every territory.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina; implementation must be checked separately for Federation cantons, Republika Srpska and Brcko District", "title": "Project appraisal reports reform intent, not completed change", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/838951648042774354/pdf/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-Health-Systems-Improvement-Project.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_world_bank_appraisal_cross_checked_with_imf_sector_review", "mapping_group": "decision_rights_and_autonomy", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:decision-autonomy:territorial-provider-ownership-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:world-bank-health-systems-improvement-project-2021", "country-improvement-source:BIH:imf-article-iv-health-sector-2022" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "provider-ownership-and-management-vary-by-territory", "target_view": "autonomy", "typed_fields": { "autonomy_boundary": "Ownership does not establish management, procurement, workforce or service-mix autonomy for any provider", "brcko_boundary": "No ownership assumption for Brcko District is made from this mapping", "federation_description": "The appraisal reports decentralized ownership in the Federation, often at cantonal level", "republika_srpska_description": "The appraisal reports centralized ownership of hospitals and clinics in Republika Srpska's health ministry" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank, Bosnia and Herzegovina Health Systems Improvement Project, 2021; IMF, Article IV Consultation Annex VI, 2022.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "ownership", "primary_care" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "World Bank pages 14 to 15, health-sector governance discussion; IMF Annex VI paragraph 1." }, "material_id": "material:68cda1b3bd5da6412a3b73ab", "notes": [ "Require provider-specific statutes or contracts before coding workforce, financial, procurement, capital or service-mix autonomy." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Institutional baseline reported in 2021 and 2022 sources", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "4e2ec956d6a4a3c4c2e4ceddb2b18c5acdff648812501d7f32638da9b1a437d5" }, "statement": "The World Bank reports different territorial ownership patterns for Republika Srpska and the Federation. That distinction supports an ownership boundary, not a claim that public providers in either territory share the same operational autonomy.", "tags": [], "territory": "Republika Srpska and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; not a Brcko District ownership map", "title": "Provider ownership and autonomy cannot be inferred uniformly", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/838951648042774354/pdf/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-Health-Systems-Improvement-Project.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI: An Overview of the Health Sector", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_imf_sector_review_cross_checked_with_who_system_assessment_and_sarajevo_case_study", "mapping_group": "delivery_and_referrals", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:delivery-referrals:territorial-facility-counts-boundary", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:imf-article-iv-health-sector-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:sarajevo-family-medicine-covid-case-study-2022" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "reported-territorial-facility-structure-not-capacity", "target_view": "delivery", "typed_fields": { "brcko_structure": "IMF reports one department, fund, hospital and primary-care institution in Brcko District", "federation_structure": "IMF reports entity and cantonal health institutions in the Federation", "measurement_boundary": "Reported counts and local case-study observations are not current national capacity, staffing, utilization or quality measures", "republika_srpska_structure": "IMF reports a ministry, one fund, hospital and primary-care structures in Republika Srpska", "sarajevo_case_study_boundary": "The Canton Sarajevo pandemic case study reports local primary-care arrangements only" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "IMF, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI; WHO, Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022; Zunic L, et al., Family Medicine Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic in Canton Sarajevo, 2022.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "hospital_organization", "networks", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "IMF Annex VI paragraph 1; WHO Organization and governance and Provision of services sections; Canton Sarajevo case-study Methods, Results and Discussion sections." }, "material_id": "material:02e0005803d522f1ccdf1f19", "notes": [ "Replace reported counts only with dated facility registries and retain the canton-level denominators before comparison." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "IMF staff report and Canton Sarajevo case study published 2022", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "response_sha256": "9bff7bccbd3fb0d77d8462de21ba2eecc5962a46b5ed9bb887420242269aa10d" }, "statement": "The IMF reports distinct territorial facility structures for the Federation, Republika Srpska and Brcko District, while a Canton Sarajevo case study documents local pandemic primary-care arrangements. These sources support a structural map and territory-bounded observation only; they cannot rank current national capacity, access, utilization, quality or referral performance.", "tags": [], "territory": "Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District, with Federation cantons not collapsed into one provider", "title": "Territorial facility descriptions are not capacity measures", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Family Medicine Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic in Canton Sarajevo: Positive and Negative Aspects", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC9229353/unicode" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_official_state_and_who_sources_cross_checked_against_imf_review", "mapping_group": "actors_and_functions", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:actors-functions:territorial-governance-map", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:state-report-economic-social-rights-2020", "country-improvement-source:BIH:imf-article-iv-health-sector-2022" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "state-entity-canton-and-district-health-functions", "target_view": "functions", "typed_fields": { "brcko_boundary": "Brcko District has its own health system and should not be allocated to either entity", "evidence_boundary": "Counts and functions are reported descriptions, not a current legal inventory", "federation_boundary": "Federation health functions coexist with ten cantonal systems", "republika_srpska_boundary": "Republika Srpska is described separately from Federation systems", "state_level_boundary": "The cited sources do not support a single state-level health-service operator" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "WHO, Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022; Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees, Eleventh Periodic Report, 2020; IMF, Article IV Consultation Annex VI, 2022.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "WHO pages 7 and 17; state report Article 12 health-care section; IMF Annex VI paragraph 1." }, "material_id": "material:a1eaeafa5b124c9e98414a59", "notes": [ "Annotate any later constitutional, entity, cantonal or District change before treating this map as current legal authority." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Reported system descriptions published 2020 to 2022", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "c39c44f7f47167d5442c910b0a1ad0060591c9e4c4b1819ff2ce535ba6c2f4c3" }, "statement": "Available sources support a territorial map of Federation and cantonal systems, Republika Srpska and Brcko District. They do not support collapsing Brcko District into either entity or treating the country as one unified service-delivery authority.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, explicitly distinguishing Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, its ten cantons, Republika Srpska and Brcko District", "title": "Territorial health-system functions are not one national delivery chain", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Eleventh Periodic Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights", "url": "https://www.mhrr.gov.ba/PDF/LjudskaPrava/11th%20Report_2020.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI: An Overview of the Health Sector", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_who_state_report_imf_review_and_bhas_national_accounts", "mapping_group": "relationships_and_networks", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:relationships-networks:separate-financing-and-provider-fields", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:state-report-economic-social-rights-2020", "country-improvement-source:BIH:imf-article-iv-health-sector-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:bhas-national-health-accounts-2023" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "territorial-insurance-and-provider-fields", "target_view": "public-private", "typed_fields": { "access_boundary": "Reported insurance coverage differs within the Federation cantons", "brcko_boundary": "Brcko is a separate system and no entity-network membership is inferred", "insurance_structure": "WHO reports 13 health insurance funds across territorial systems", "national_accounts_description": "BHAS reports 2023 expenditure by financing scheme and provider category after aggregating entity and District data", "provider_network_boundary": "The sources do not supply a complete contracted-provider network or public-private market-share map" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "WHO, Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022; Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees, Eleventh Periodic Report, 2020; IMF, Article IV Consultation Annex VI, 2022; Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, National Health Accounts Statistics, 2023, 2025.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "governance", "market_structure", "networks", "ownership", "patient_flows", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "WHO pages 7 and 17; state report Article 12 health-care section; IMF Annex VI paragraph 1; BHAS National Health Accounts pages 1, 2 and 8." }, "material_id": "material:9bfe5494e6036efeb85b02dd", "notes": [ "Add contracting, payment and provider-list evidence separately before displaying a purchaser-provider network or public-private market share." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Reported descriptions and coverage estimates published 2020 to 2022; National Health Accounts data for 2023 released in 2025", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "c39c44f7f47167d5442c910b0a1ad0060591c9e4c4b1819ff2ce535ba6c2f4c3" }, "statement": "The cited sources report multiple territorial insurance funds and variable coverage, while BHAS reports aggregate 2023 expenditure by financing scheme and provider category. They do not establish a complete public-private contracting network, a common provider roster or sector shares across Federation cantons, Republika Srpska and Brcko District.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, with no collapse of Federation cantons, Republika Srpska and Brcko District into one network", "title": "Territorial insurance fields do not establish one public-private network", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Eleventh Periodic Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights", "url": "https://www.mhrr.gov.ba/PDF/LjudskaPrava/11th%20Report_2020.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI: An Overview of the Health Sector", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "National Health Accounts Statistics, 2023", "url": "https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2025/NHA_01_2023_Y1_1_BS.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": { "mapping_basis": "reported_from_official_state_report_and_research_review", "mapping_group": "actors_and_functions", "mapping_id": "candidate-mapping:BIH:actors-functions:state-coordination-limits", "source_projection_ids": [ "country-improvement-source:BIH:state-report-economic-social-rights-2020", "country-improvement-source:BIH:seejph-healthcare-access-review-2022", "country-improvement-source:BIH:who-health-systems-in-action-2022" ], "support_state": "candidate_supported", "target_slot": "state-coordination-and-territorial-service-boundary", "target_view": "functions", "typed_fields": { "coordination_boundary": "No claim is made about the effectiveness of interterritorial coordination", "review_boundary": "The review's access concerns are not a legal allocation of authority", "service_responsibility": "Entities, Federation cantons and Brcko District are reported responsible for organization, financing and provision", "state_coordination_boundary": "The cited evidence describes territorial responsibility rather than a unified national service operator" } }, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Eleventh Periodic Report, 2020; Gavran L, Lukic A, Milic M, 2022; WHO, Health Systems in Action, 2022.", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "description": "State report Article 12 health-care section; scoping review Abstract and Discussion; WHO Organization and governance section." }, "material_id": "material:09a4fed1c4cd9dabbd13946e", "notes": [ "Do not use this boundary to deny the role of state institutions in other domains; add source-specific evidence for each state-level function." ], "origin": "candidate-analytical-mappings", "period": "Sources published 2020 to 2022", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": null, "record_kind": "candidate_analytical_mapping", "record_kind_label": "Candidate Analytical Mapping", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "4261f2b9ea87faecf92a9fb8b873edc5bd8377bc1f568c92d8c854a85b65f90e" }, "statement": "The state report allocates organization, financing and provision to entities, Federation cantons and Brcko District. Therefore the available evidence does not support a single national service-delivery or insurance-purchasing actor.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, retaining the separate Federation cantonal, Republika Srpska and Brcko District boundaries", "title": "Territorial responsibility sets a limit on state-level delivery claims", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.mhrr.gov.ba/PDF/LjudskaPrava/11th%20Report_2020.pdf" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Healthcare access in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the light of European Union accession efforts", "url": "https://www.seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/view/138/117" }, { "kind": "source_reference", "source": "Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "European Commission. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2023 Report. Commission Staff Working Document SWD(2023) 691 final. Brussels: European Commission; 2023. https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-11/SWD_2023_691%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina%20report.pdf", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "networks", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Obstacles to the mobility of patients between different entities or cantons persist", "institution": "European Commission", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_set_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "Obstacles to the mobility of patients between different entities or cantons persist", "source_word_count": 11 }, "material_id": "material:56a1f0a189c1324bc13ada16", "notes": [ "Retain this as an external assessment of the 2023 reporting period; do not recast its mobility finding as a measured national referral-completion rate or a formal entitlement rule." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "European Commission assessment published November 2023; public-health assessment covers the preceding reporting period", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2023, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "1649669f47902bef26ec1f1d1962c88765dedd8fea9001a681e628fbaedf4592", "page_count": 142 }, "statement": "The European Commission reports that obstacles to patient mobility between entities or cantons persist and describes no state-level health information strategy or integrated health information system. These are external assessment findings and do not quantify national referral completion, travel frequency or the experience of every population group.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, Brcko District and Federation cantons where noted", "title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina 2023 Report", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-11/SWD_2023_691%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina%20report.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "World Bank. Bosnia and Herzegovina Health Systems Improvement Project. 2021. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/838951648042774354/pdf/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-Health-Systems-Improvement-Project.pdf", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "networks", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "12 relatively autonomous health systems", "institution": "World Bank", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_set_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "12 relatively autonomous health systems", "source_word_count": 5 }, "material_id": "material:41e8727e3dc1203f6a4f448c", "notes": [ "Use the appraisal for its stated institutional baseline and proposed reforms; do not infer that project-supported actions were completed or uniform across cantons." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Project appraisal 2021; institutional descriptions refer to the appraisal period", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2021, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "grey_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "4e2ec956d6a4a3c4c2e4ceddb2b18c5acdff648812501d7f32638da9b1a437d5" }, "statement": "The World Bank appraisal describes relatively autonomous systems in Republika Srpska, the Federation and its ten cantons, and Brcko District. It reports centralized ownership in Republika Srpska and cantonal decentralization in the Federation, while distinguishing project reforms from completed service changes.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, with separate findings for Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District", "title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina Health Systems Improvement Project", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/838951648042774354/pdf/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-Health-Systems-Improvement-Project.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "International Monetary Fund. Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI. IMF Staff Country Reports. 2022;167. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "networks", "observed_referral", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "The health system is extremely fragmented and complex", "institution": "International Monetary Fund", "locator": { "locator_type": "web_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "The health system is extremely fragmented and complex", "source_word_count": 8 }, "material_id": "material:5b024a30e1eb2205effff4a7", "notes": [ "Treat reported facility and organization counts as dated contextual counts; they do not establish current service capacity, ownership for every provider or referral completion." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "IMF staff assessment published 2022; organization counts relate to the report's assessment period", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2022, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "review_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "response_sha256": "9bff7bccbd3fb0d77d8462de21ba2eecc5962a46b5ed9bb887420242269aa10d" }, "statement": "The IMF reports a fragmented health sector. It describes Federation entity and cantonal structures separately from Republika Srpska's central system and Brcko District's department, fund, hospital and primary-care institution. These are staff-report descriptions, not a legal inventory or patient-flow dataset.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, with separate Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District descriptions", "title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Annex VI: An Overview of the Health Sector", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/167/article-A001-en.xml" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Eleventh Periodic Report. 2020. https://www.mhrr.gov.ba/PDF/LjudskaPrava/11th%20Report_2020.pdf", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "networks", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "There are three separate health systems", "institution": "Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "There are three separate health systems", "source_word_count": 6 }, "material_id": "material:fb1bd53f5fa6f613a589e73f", "notes": [ "Do not treat the report as evidence that referral arrangements yield equal access, completion, capacity or identical benefits across territories." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "State report submitted 2020; health-insurance and referral descriptions cite earlier administrative years where stated", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2020, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "4261f2b9ea87faecf92a9fb8b873edc5bd8377bc1f568c92d8c854a85b65f90e" }, "statement": "The state report describes three separate health systems and says entities, Federation cantons and Brcko District are responsible for organization, financing and provision. It reports that Brcko District uses referrals to specialized institutions outside the District when needed care is unavailable locally.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District", "title": "Eleventh Periodic Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.mhrr.gov.ba/PDF/LjudskaPrava/11th%20Report_2020.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Zunic L, et al. Family Medicine Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic in Canton Sarajevo: Positive and Negative Aspects. Materia Socio-Medica. 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC9229353/unicode", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "networks", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "Primary care was organized as two parallel systems", "institution": "Materia Socio-Medica", "locator": { "locator_type": "structured_article_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "Primary care was organized as two parallel systems", "source_word_count": 8 }, "material_id": "material:d18bf9ca8a74a244a816c735", "notes": [ "Restrict this pandemic case study to Canton Sarajevo and its stated period; it must not be displayed as a national routine-referral rule or as evidence for other territories." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "COVID-19 pandemic response in Canton Sarajevo, from March 2020; article published 2022", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2022, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "7c9bd1c7440d74ce0e2c19e9e6c84bf6d427afe460897416fabadac1c6454401" }, "statement": "This Canton Sarajevo case study describes parallel COVID-19 and regular primary-care arrangements, family-physician referrals and reported access constraints during the pandemic. It provides local observed and qualitative evidence, not a countrywide standard referral pathway or current routine-care capacity measure.", "tags": [], "territory": "Canton Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only; not a national estimate and not evidence for Republika Srpska or Brcko District", "title": "Family Medicine Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic in Canton Sarajevo: Positive and Negative Aspects", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC9229353/unicode" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Federal Ministry of Health. Accessed 15 August 2026. https://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/bosanski/ministarstva/zdravstvo.php", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "networks", "primary_care", "reform_history" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Federalno ministarstvo zdravstva vrsi upravne poslove", "institution": "Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "locator": { "locator_type": "html_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "Federalno ministarstvo zdravstva vrsi upravne poslove", "source_word_count": 6 }, "material_id": "material:2b9151ea8d3e16ff52892dc3", "notes": [ "Keep the Federation Ministry's listed remit separate from cantonal health administration and from implementation evidence." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Current ministry webpage accessed 2026-08-15; legislation listed on the page includes the Federation Health Care Law", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2026, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "response_sha256": "70d5146724d9ed0d7b30b31b2eb904a7f1eb9e1f029448bb4ee7d8150f7b901d" }, "statement": "The Federation government identifies the Federal Ministry of Health and lists Federation health legislation. The page supports a Federation-level actor and legal-framework mapping, but does not establish cantonal decisions, provider ownership, financing practice or results.", "tags": [], "territory": "Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only; this source does not describe Republika Srpska or Brcko District", "title": "Federal Ministry of Health", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/bosanski/ministarstva/zdravstvo.php" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Winkelmann J, Litvinova Y, Rebac B. Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "networks", "observed_referral", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "complex health systems, with 13 health insurance funds", "institution": "WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_set_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "complex health systems, with 13 health insurance funds", "source_word_count": 7 }, "material_id": "material:64e4e404ee3fa2dd1e5de02f", "notes": [ "Treat the 2020 coverage estimates and the report's system descriptions as dated reported evidence, not a current legal entitlement or patient-level pathway measure." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Report published 2022; cited insurance-coverage estimates are for 2020 unless otherwise stated", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2022, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "c39c44f7f47167d5442c910b0a1ad0060591c9e4c4b1819ff2ce535ba6c2f4c3" }, "statement": "WHO and the European Observatory describe separate entity and district health systems, with 13 insurance funds and 14 health ministries. The report identifies variation between Federation cantons and reports family-medicine-centred primary care alongside a still hospital-centred system.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina; Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District are distinguished", "title": "Health Systems in Action: Bosnia and Herzegovina", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/362330/9789289059114-eng.pdf?sequence=1" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Gavran L, Lukic A, Milic M. Healthcare access in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the light of European Union accession efforts. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health. 2022. https://www.seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/view/138/117", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "networks", "observed_referral", "ownership", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "The main barrier to equal access", "institution": "South Eastern European Journal of Public Health", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "The main barrier to equal access", "source_word_count": 6 }, "material_id": "material:90939e5e74eb01c47022a177", "notes": [ "Retain the scoping-review design and do not convert its access-barrier discussion into a measured causal or territory-specific utilization estimate." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Scoping review published 2022; source studies and policy documents span earlier years", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2022, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "file_sha256": "ea1db4a8ff6935c19371c7a5626f8f1489d46e56a82cc4baf8bcced2e616352a" }, "statement": "This scoping review identifies the division among the Federation, Republika Srpska and Brcko District as an access barrier and discusses differing medicine availability and pricing. It synthesizes prior literature and does not quantify a current national referral-completion rate or establish causation.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District", "title": "Healthcare access in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the light of European Union accession efforts", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/view/138/117" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. National Health Accounts Statistics, 2023. Sarajevo: BHAS; 2025. https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2025/NHA_01_2023_Y1_1_BS.pdf", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "facility_data", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "market_structure", "ownership", "primary_care", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "reported", "excerpt": "Public health in BiH is financed mostly from mandatory health insurance", "institution": "Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "locator": { "locator_type": "pdf_page_set_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "Public health in BiH is financed mostly from mandatory health insurance", "source_word_count": 10 }, "material_id": "material:68b9475d641a112af736e0ab", "notes": [ "Use this aggregate expenditure release for its stated 2023 accounting categories only; it does not establish territorial purchasing arrangements, provider ownership or utilization by population group." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "National Health Accounts data for 2023, released 1 July 2025", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2025, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "official" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/pdf", "file_sha256": "09094c241f083db018d3ece95ca7fc13c10f96166da69e0ea67bef747f9c9238", "page_count": 13 }, "statement": "BHAS reports 2023 National Health Accounts aggregated from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District. It reports health expenditure by financing scheme and provider category, including public and private expenditure, but does not identify contracts, ownership for individual providers or patient pathways.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina; the release aggregates Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brcko District data", "title": "National Health Accounts Statistics, 2023", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2025/NHA_01_2023_Y1_1_BS.pdf" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "Hodgetts G, et al. Twenty-five years on: revisiting Bosnia and Herzegovina after implementation of a family medicine development program. BMC Family Practice. 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC6958717/unicode", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "authoritative_review", "autonomy", "decision_rights", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "hospital_organization", "networks", "observed_referral", "patient_flows", "primary_care", "referral_design", "reform_history", "utilization" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": null, "evidence_mode": "observed", "excerpt": "almost all authority for decision making lay within the entity structure", "institution": "BMC Family Practice", "locator": { "locator_type": "structured_article_section_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "almost all authority for decision making lay within the entity structure", "source_word_count": 11 }, "material_id": "material:b24eb9a9a2b6357a050e6c34", "notes": [ "Keep the qualitative design and historical programme period visible; participants' accounts do not establish a nationally representative current measure of family-medicine performance." ], "origin": "country-evidence-improvement-sources", "period": "Qualitative follow-up published 2020, conducted eight years after the family-medicine development programme ended", "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2020, "record_kind": "country_improvement_source_lead", "record_kind_label": "Country Improvement Source Lead", "screening": { "previous_boundary_detected": false, "previous_visibility": "previously_not_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "research_literature" ], "source_system": null, "source_version": { "detected_media_type": "application/json", "response_sha256": "544fd697ad30e1aab30aafa0551c25d6cb17d43872420fc6e78c99c44935beca" }, "statement": "This qualitative follow-up describes the long-term family-medicine development programme and participants' accounts of continuing constraints on family-physician scope, staffing and integration. It is not a national service-utilization dataset, a current legal inventory or a measure of referral completion.", "tags": [], "territory": "Bosnia and Herzegovina; the study discusses both entities and ten Federation cantons, with interview and focus-group findings from participating study areas", "title": "Twenty-five years on: revisiting Bosnia and Herzegovina after implementation of a family medicine development program", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC6958717/unicode" } ] }, { "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Bosnia and Herzegovina: health system review 2002. 2002. https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina", "country_ids": [ "BIH" ], "coverage_domains": [ "actors", "governance", "government_responsibilities", "primary_care", "service_delivery" ], "display_status": "shown_in_full", "document_type": "candidate source metadata", "evidence_mode": null, "excerpt": null, "institution": null, "locator": { "heading": "Country overview", "html_text_block": 9, "locator_type": "html_text_anchor", "source_word_anchor": "Primary health care PHC is provided by municipal health centers in both", "source_word_count": 12 }, "material_id": "candidate-source:BIH:e5ed9c54b2af4a1b06bd", "notes": [ "Public source projection retained as a distinct stage record.", "A recoverable source locator was retrieved from this exact public source URL in the locator-gap traceability audit." ], "origin": "current-public-source-projection", "period": null, "publication_date": null, "publication_year": 2002, "record_kind": "displayed_source_projection", "record_kind_label": "Displayed source projection", "screening": { "page_locator_linked_from_locator_gap_acquisition": true, "previous_visibility": "previously_projected" }, "source_layers": [ "candidate_source_metadata", "official" ], "source_system": "WHO_European_Observatory", "source_version": { "response_sha256": "1a25dd89275eb4b9347f68123f257fcdc27f1abb361cb229ab690bfa8c5d0b74" }, "statement": null, "tags": [ "targeted_official" ], "territory": null, "title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina: health system review 2002", "urls": [ { "kind": "url", "source": "not supplied", "url": "https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina" } ] }, { "analytical_mapping": {}, "annotation_status": "open", "authors": [], "availability": {}, "citation": "European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. 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